388 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



imioiis membranes was, in all cases examined, sufficient- to produce, without the 

 assistance of bacteria, nearly all the pathological conditions observed. Just as 

 blackhead, so called, Is a coccidiosis of the ceca and liver of turkeys, and as 

 white diarrheal is a coccidiosis of the ceca, small intestines, and duodenum of 

 young chicks, so the writer believes that many, and perhaps all, cases of the 

 disease popularly called ' roup ' are instances of coccidiosis of the mucus 

 membranes of the head region with <.i without intestinal complications." A 

 list of six references is appended. 



Studies on the stnicture and classification of the dig'enetic trematodes, 

 ^X. NicoLL {Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci. [London'], n. scr.. 53 (1909), Xo. 211, pp. 

 391-jf87, j)Is. 2). — In this paper an attempt has been made to allocate each 

 of the forms dealt with to its approximate systematic place. 



Piroplasmosis in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, A. Balfour (Rpt. Wellcome 

 Research Labs. Gordon, Mem. Co]. Khartoum, 3 (1908), p. 37, pi. 1). — Brief 

 notes are given. Bovine piroplasmosis is said to haA^e been probably introduced 

 by means of a bull from Egypt. The canine form is common and the equine 

 exists, having apparently been introduced from South Africa. 



A note on the cultivation of Spirochaeta duttoni, C. M. Duval and J. L. 

 Todd {Lancet [London]. 19(i9, L Xo. 12, pp. S3-'i, S3J).— From the facts pre- 

 sented the authors conclude that »S'. duttoni can be maintained virulent for wild 

 mice in artificial media for 40 days and that it will multiply and can be suc- 

 cessfully transferred iu artificial media. 



Preliminary note on experiments in connection with the transmission 

 •of tick fever, W. B. Leishman {Jour. Roy. Army Med. Corps, 12 {1909), No. 

 .2, pp. 123-13Jf). — From the studies here recorded the author considers it pos- 

 sible that natural infection by the tick bite occurs, not, as usually supposed, 

 hy the inoculation of unaltered spirochetes fi-om the salivary glands, but 

 through the agency of chromatin granules, which may be either regurgitated 

 from the intestinal sac or passed in the Malpighian secretion which is voided 

 by some ticks when engorging. 



"After the ingestion by the tick of blood containing spirochetes these soon 

 lose their motility in the intestinal sac and, eventually, their characteristic ap- 

 pearance. Morphological changes occur in. them which result in the formation 

 and liberation of small chromatin bodies, rod-shaped, coccoid, or curved in 

 form. No recognizable spirochetes have been seen in any ixjrtion of a tick later 

 than ten days after it had been fed on infected blood, nor have any been seen 

 in the egg of a tick. 



" The chromatin bodies traverse the walls of the intestinal sac and enter, or 

 are taken up by the cells lining the Malpighian tubules; they are also to be 

 found iu quantities iu the tissues of the ovary and the oviducts. Multiplication 

 of the bodies within the tissues of the tick appears probable. Some of the 

 bodies derived from the spirochetes penetrate into the immature eggs within 

 the ovary and have been found in all the stages of the further development of 

 the eggs, as well as in the earliest embryonal cells. In the embryo tick, the 

 bodies are taken up by the cells lining the primitive Malpighian tubules and 

 they have been found in the Malpighian tubules throughout all the subsequent 

 stages of the tick's life. Inoculation of crushed tissue containing the chromatin 

 hodies, but no spirochetes, has resulted in the infection of the inoculated ani- 

 mal when the tick from which they were obtained had been kept at a high tem- 

 perature for some days before dissection." 



The development of trypanosomes in tsetse flies {Sleeping Sickness Bur. 

 [London] Bui. 5, pp. 165-177, fig. 1). — A review of the literature on this 

 subject. 



