ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 157 



The firewonn (Eudemis vacciniana) is rarely, if ever, troublesome in Massa- 

 chusetts on strictly dry bogs, apparently because of parasites and winterkilling 

 of the eggs, parasites jirobably being by far the more effective of the two. If 

 the false army worm (Calocainpa nupera) is found in sufficient abundance to 

 make it advisable, the bogs should bo flowed for 24 to 3G hours as soon after 

 May 15 as practicable. If caterpillars are present a few days after the first 

 reflow. the water should bo put on again for 24 to 36 hours. On bogs with 

 winter flowage only, the winter flowage should be held until after the middle 

 of May every third or fourth year. On dry bogs, if young worms are found to 

 be hatching plentifully, spraying should be done at once with arsenate of lead 

 used at the rate of 7 lbs. to 50 gal. of water. 



In Massachusetts the yellowhead cranberry worm (Peronea minuta) is 

 troublesome only on dry bogs. One thorough spraying with arsenate of lead at 

 the rate of 5 lbs. to 50 gal. of water at the time of the hatching of the eggs of 

 the second brood of worms is sufficient to clear a badly infested bog for 3 or 4 

 years. For the cranberry girdler (Cramdus hortucUus) on bogs which can be 

 i-eflowed, it is reconuuended that such be done immediately after picking and 

 continued for a weelv or 10 days. In case a dry bog be badly infested the vines 

 should be burned with a gasoline torch, choosing a time when the vines would 

 not otherwise burn readily, to guard against a fire which might escape from 

 control. This burning should be done early in the season before the growth 

 starts. Hints on spraying and on the use of water are appended. 



Some injurious orchard insects, A. F. Conradi and W. A. Thomas (South 

 CnroJina Hta. Bui. I'l-i. pp. S-S5. figs. 15). — This is a general account of the more 

 important .insect pests of orchards in South Carolina and methods of control. 



Next to the San Jose scale the peach-tree borer is considered the most de- 

 structive to i)each trees in the State. According to records kept during 1908, 

 pupation begins about July 1, there being a gradual increase until the maxi- 

 mum period of pupation is reached about August 2. There is then a gradual 

 decline until about September 2, and a few specimens go into pupation even as 

 late as September 16. Adults begin to emerge on July 20, gradually increasing 

 in numbers until about August 22, when there is a decline in numbers until 

 about September 20. 



At the station 3 generations of Scolytus ruffidosus developed during the year, 

 the fourth remaining in the larval stage in the bark during the winter. The 

 woolly aphis is found in South Carolina on the roots of the apple at all seasons 

 of the year. 



Investigations made during 1908 show that the San Jose scale has made heavy 

 inroads in almost every section of the State and is causing enormous losses in 

 peach orchards. The plum curculio, which is common everywhere in the State, 

 has come to the attention of the author lu'incipally as a peach pest. The plum 

 aphis (Aphis sctaria). oyster-shell bark-louse, apple aphis, and codling moth are 

 also briefiy considered. 



The sulphur-lime wash, A. L. Melander and K. K. Beattie (WasJiinploii 

 t<t<i. Pojmlnr Bui. Hi, pp. //). — Directions for the making and ai>plication of the 

 lime-sulphur wash. 



The lesser apple leaf -folder (Peronea minuta), K. L. Webster (loica Sta. 

 Bui. 102, pp. 1H1-212, figs. 13). — This pest is said to have been the source of con- 

 siderable injury to apple stock in nurseries and young orchards during the past 

 2 years. 



The larva folds a single leaf or ties several leaves together and remains 

 inside this liiding place, where it feeds undisturbed. Frequently several young 

 larvKi will tie uj) the tender unfolding leaves of the growing tips and work inside 

 the protection thus formed. In such a place the larva; ofteu bore through the 



