454 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



before new clover is put in. Tlie clover-leaf midge {Dasyneura trifolii), which 

 feeds on white clover, is of small economic importance. The clover callipterus 

 (CaJlipterus trifolii) is a common aphid in clover fields, but has not become 

 destructive. The clover-stem borer (Languria mozardi) has never been a pest. 

 The clover sitoues (Sitones flavescens) has never been reported as injurious in 

 this country, but needs to be watched. The clover-root mealy bug {Pseudococcus 

 trifolii), which occurs near the crown of the plant, must in the future be 

 counted among insects that kill clover. 



Under each pest considered the author critically reviews previous work, 

 giving references to the literature. Comprehensive accounts are given of the 

 life history, bionomics, natural enemies, and methods of control. 



Cabbage worms and sug'gestions for destroying them, W. E. Rumsey and 

 F. E. Brooks {West Virginia Sta. Bui. 120, pp. 3Jf5-352, pis. 2). — In this 

 bulletin the authors give a popular account of these pests. Paris green in the 

 proportion of 1 lb. to 200 gal. of water applied in the form of a mist spray is 

 considered the most efficient remedy. 



The cigar case-bearer (Coleophora fletcherella), A. G. Hammak (17. 8. Dept. 

 Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 80, pt. 2, pp. SS-.'iJ,, pis. 2, figs. .)).— The history of this 

 pest is first reviewed. It is evidently a native insect w'hich fed originally on 

 crab apples and hawthorne. The attention of entomologists was first drawn to 

 its injury in ISSS, when it was observed at Kochester, N. Y., feeding upon the 

 joung fruit of pears. With the extensive planting of orchards it has found in 

 the apple and pear favorite food plants and it is largely to these two fruits 

 that its depredations have been confined, although it has also been recorded 

 feeding upon quince and plum. It has been reported from Ontario, Quebec, 

 Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and British Columbia in Canada, and from 

 the States of New York, Kansas, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. 

 Technical descriptions are given of the different stages. 



In the early spring the minute larvge free their cases from the branches where 

 they have overwintered and search for food. About the middle of June the 

 larvse cease feeding and migrate from the leaves to the branches. The anterior 

 end of the case is firmly fastened to the branch by means of silk, and a mass of 

 silk is placed in the same end for the attachment of the cremaster of the future 

 pupa. A day or two after fastening the case pupation takes place and from 10 

 to 12 days later the adult emerges. At North East, Pa., the first adult emerged 

 June 22. The maximum emergence took place during the early part of July, 

 while after July 25 no adults emei'ged. 



The eggs are generally laid along the midrib on the underside of the leaves, 

 where they are found inserted in the pubescence or down of the leaves. The 

 egg period lasts from 15 to 16 days. During their early life the larvje are true 

 miners and feed for about 2 weeks on the inner tissues of the leaves. Toward 

 the beginning of August the larvue construct a minute case on the upper and 

 lower skins of the mined area of the leaf. 



Microdus laticinctus has been reported to be a parasite of the pest. Hatiro- 

 cytus sp. was bred in considerable numbers at North East, Pa., and a small 

 yellow mite was found to destroy the egg. Larvae of Chrysopa oculata and 

 ladybird beetles vigorously attacked the eggs and larvae. 



It has been demonstrated that the insect can be held under control either by 

 a kerosene emulsion or a Paris green spray applied in the early spring, before 

 and while the leaf buds are opening. In orchards regularly treated with 

 arsenical sprays for the codling moth, the cigar case-bearer if present will 

 undoubtedly be kept in check. 



A complete bibliography is appended. 



