RURAL ENGINEERING. 489 



ill form from those seen in (he IjIockI of tlie rnt. Critliidia ctcuojihtlKiluii was 

 fctund in !) of tlie fleas. 



About 370 lice and 75 fleas were examined, but no evidence was obtained of 

 developmental cban.L!;es of 7'. Iriri.si in either fleas or lice. 



Fatal enteritis in a tiger caused by Physaloptera praeputialis, A. J. Harri- 

 son and I. W. Hall {Paia.sitolog!/, 2 (WO!)), Nos. 1-2, pi). 29-31). — A widespread 

 distribution of the nematode and the extensive chronic irritation of the gastric 

 and intestinal wall are said to have been (juite suflicient to account for the death 

 of tne animal. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



The best road and the right way to make it, A. L. Barber (New York, 1909, 

 pp. 32, (hjiiifi. -'i). — This pamphlet contains a brief account of early road builders 

 and their attempts to secure ideal pavements for both country roads and city 

 streets. The author sums ui» the requirements of both types of roads and dis- 

 cusses the merits of asphalt for city streets and of macadam for country roads, as 

 well as road preservation and dust i>reventives. 



The chief object of the pamphlet is to present a new tyi)e of country road, which 

 it is believed will best meet requirements. This is a combination of asphalt and 

 macadam, with an asphalt strip of suitable width running through, and usually 

 in the middle, of the macadam. It is estimated that this would cost but 30 per 

 cent more than the macadam alone, and would last 1.5 to 20 years longer. 



Waterproofing concrete with asphalt (Cement and Engin. Neics, 21 (1909), 

 No. -'/, pp. 1 11-119, fif/x. 3 ). — Methods of waterproofing concrete structures are de- 

 scribed. 



Between 2 layers of concrete, previously painted, a commercial asphalt is 

 applied with mops at a temperature of about 425° F. Even should cracks occur 

 in the concrete, the elasticity of the asphalt layer will secui-e the structure against 

 leakage. When water pressure has to be contended with, the method advised is to 

 use saturated felt covered with hot asphalt, and there is described and illustrated 

 the construction of a water-tight reservoir, using this method. 



Wells in the Gangetic alluvium, W. H. Moreland (Agr. -Jour. India, Jf 

 il909), Xo. 1, pp. 3'f-^2, figs. 2). — Irrigation in the Uniteil Provinces of India 

 <lepends largely on wells for its supply of water, and the author states that 

 while the resources of the rivers available for canals are almost exhausted, 

 the possibilities of increasing the number of wells is unlimited. In the wells 

 dug in the alluvium bordering the Ganges River conditions are such that if 

 water is lifted faster than at a given rate the influx of sand fills the well, 

 rendering it useless. The author describes methods in use to increase the 

 capacity of wells by so driving pipe from the bottom of the uppermost water- 

 bearing stratum through strata of clay as to penetrate a lower water-bearing 

 sand. Even then care has to be exercised not to overtax the well. This 

 accounts for the small number of power pumps used in the region. 



Utilizing farm water power, K. M. Winans (Farm and Fireside, 32 (1909), 

 Xo. 11, pp. 1, 5, figs. 3). — There is given a popular discussion of methods of 

 estimating and utilizing the power available from small water courses. A num- 

 ber of practical suggestions regarding construction and operation are made 

 with a view to enable farmers to obtain light and power from neai'-by streams. 



Farm hydro-electric plant without operating attendant, I'. .J. OHJara 

 (FArct. World, r,3 (1909). .\o. 23. pp. 1.il.'i-131H. figs. 7).— This is an illustrated 

 account of the development of the water power of a small stream and its appli- 

 cation to lighting and operating machinery. The hydraulic and electrical 

 ( quipment are described in detail as well as the various applications to which 



