DISEASES OF PLANTS. 547 



The results of fertilizer experiments with firs in North Ditmarsh, Clausen 

 (FiHil tuff's Lamlw. Zty., J.S (J'MO), No. 8, pp. 295-305). — The details are siveu 

 of fertilizer oxperimeuts coiulucted iu fir stands located in the North Ditmarsh 

 forest circle, Holstein, (iennany. 



The Cenibran pine (Pinus cembra) in Switzerland, M. Rikli {Neue 

 Deiiksclir. Schwei.:;. Naturf. (Icsell, .',.', (1909), pts. 1, pp. XXXIX+.',55, flgs. 51; 



2, pis. 9, maps 21). — This work, which is offered as a report on forest history 

 and forest management in the Swiss Alps, consists of a monographic study of 

 the Cembran pine in the various cantons of Switzerland relative to its history, 

 range and distribution, associating trees, shrubs and flora, variability, site, soil, 

 and climatic requirements, diseases and other enemies. An extensive bibliog- 

 raphy of the literature consulted is given. 



Part 2 consists of plates and maps accompanying the text iu part 1. 

 The economic possibilities of the mangrove swamps of the Philippines, 

 R. F, Bacon and V. Q. Gana {PMUppine Jour. ScL, A. Gen. Sci., .', (1909), No. 



3, pp. 205-210). — The authors discuss the possible utilization of the mangroves 

 in the Philippine swamps in the manufacture of tanning materials, particularly 

 of cutch. Analyses are given of samples of mangrove tau bark collected in dif- 

 ferent parts of the Philippines as compared with analyses of mangrove barks 

 from Borneo. 



On the question of wood preservation, F. Seldenschnur (Chcm. Ztg., 33 

 (1909), No. 77, pp. 701, 702). — A review of recent investigations relative to the 

 efficiency of the acid constituents of the coal-tar oils used in the preservation 

 (if woods. 



Difficulties in the practical work of creosoting timber, J. C. Oakes {Engin. 

 News, 62 (1909), No. 10, pp. 259-262) .—The author discusses difficulties which 

 arise in creosoting timber by various processes and presents conclusions rela- 

 tive to ways of alleviating these difficulties. 



A new process of coagulating- the latex of Funtumia elastica, A. Chevalier 

 (Jour. A (jr. Trop., 9 (1909), No. 9S, pp. 225, 226). — The process here described 

 consists of adding to 30 parts of the Funtumia latex at normal temperature 1 

 part of the latex of Strophanthus bartcri and then stirring the mixture for 5 to 

 10 minutes to obtain coagulation of the whole mass. The Strophanthus latex 

 works to the surface of the coagulum and is washed off. 



DISEASES OF PLANTS. 



Bordeaux mixture, C. S. Ckandall (UUnois 8ta. Bui. 135, pp. 201-296, figs. 

 8). — A progress report is given of investigations on Bordeaux mixture and its 

 effect on trees, particularly on the foliage. After an extended historical 'review, 

 sevei-al phases of the subject are discussed, but all are to be sub.jected to fur- 

 ther study. The chemical work reported in the bulletin was carried on by O. S. 

 Watkins and Dr. H. S. Grindley. 



In summarizing, the results thus far obtained show that the injury to the 

 foliage of apple trees, following the application of Bordeaux mixture, is due to 

 the use of impure or improper materials, carelessness in making the mixtures, 

 or improi)er and ineffective applications. The chemical changes occurring in 

 making Bordeaux mixture are still involved in obscurity and are being studied. 

 The adhesiveness of the mixture depends very much upon the manner of mak- 

 ing it and upon the character of the lime used. Variation in the proportions of 

 copper sulphate and lime beyond certain well defined limits decreases adhesive- 

 ness. With lime of good quality, approximately equal parts of copper sulphate 

 and lime give greatest adhesiveness. Experiments showed that there was a 



