VETERINAEY MEDICINE. 581 



Have trypanosomes an ultra-microscopical stage in their life history? 

 I). Bkuce and II. It. Batkman (Proc. Roy. Soc. [London], Set: B, 80 (1908), 

 No. B 5.'il, pp. S9.',-S9S; Jour. Trap. Vet. Sci., Jf (1909), No. 2, pp. 181-188; Jour. 

 Compar. Path, and Thcr.. 22 (1909), No. 2, pp. 173-177).— Fvom experiments 

 in which Berkefeld ordinary filters were used it is concluded that " neither 

 Trypanosoma hrucei nor T. eransi develop in the body of the animal forms 

 so small as to be capable of passing through the pores of the Berkefeld filter, 

 and that in cultures of T. Ivwisi on blood-agar such small forms are also 

 absent." 



The cultivation of trypanosomes on artificial media (Sleeping Sickness 

 Bur. [London] Bid. ,s\ pp. 287-29',). — A review of the literature on this subject. 



Preliminary note on the occurrence of a new variety of trypanosomiasis 

 in the Island of Zanzibar, A. Edington (Proc. Roy. Soc. [London], Scr. B, 

 SO (1908), No, B 5-'i'h P- 5i5-.5.',9, charts 2).— The author found in the blood 

 of a horse in Zanzibar a trypanosome with which he successfully inoculated the 

 liorse. goat, ox, and rabbit. Asses, dogs, and monkeys appeared to resist the 

 infection. The horse inoculated died in 27 days with fever and trypanosomes 

 were always present. The goat suffered with fever, but no trypanosomes were 

 ever discoverable in the blood. The ox did not appear in any way affected, but 

 nevertheless its blood contained the trypanosomes. The rabbit, intraperitoneally 

 injected, showed a few parasites. The trypanosome resembles Trypanosoma 

 dimorphon and T. congolcnsc, but has a more slender body. Neither Stomoxys 

 nor tsetse flies have been found in Zanzibar. 



The relationship of dosage of a drug to the size of the animal treated, 

 especially in regard to the cause of the failures to cure trypanosomiasis and 

 other protozoan diseases in man and in large animals, B. Moore (Bio-Chem. 

 Jour., 4 (1909), No. 5-7, pp. 323-330). — The author has summarized this ac- 

 count as follows: 



" In the case of substances which act by stimulation or inflammation of sur- 

 faces, such as the intestinal tract, the maximum dose is proportional not to 

 the body weight, but to the two-thirds power of the body weight. This leads 

 to important differences in dosage in man and large animals. It also shows 

 that the possibilities of treatment are diminished by natural means in man and 

 large animals. These animals have naturally less intestinal and other surfaces 

 per unit of weight; accordingly they can only take up proportionately less 

 drug, and if any remedial substance is manufactured by the surface cells, they 

 can only manufacture relatively less of this than the smaller animal. Also in 

 general terms, uptake and output of poison or infection are relatively more 

 rapid in the small animal. The small animal and child are hence at the same 

 time more susceptible to onset of infection, and have more power of recuperation 

 when infected." 



Experiments regarding the natural transmission of surra carried out at 

 Mohand in 1908, A. S. Leesk (Jour. Trop. Yet. ScL, .', (1909), No. 2, pp. 

 107-132, charts 2). — The investigations here reported were conducted with the 

 intention of determining whether blood-sucking flies are chiefly responsible for 

 the spread of surra under natural conditions, the kinds of biting flies to be 

 found in a surra zone, their biting habits, and the carrying out of transmission 

 experiments. 



Tlie author's observations extended from 2 months before the rainy season 

 to nearly its end. It was shown experimentally that of six iKHiies kept in con- 

 tact with surra in the surra zone and in the surra season, the only two which 

 did not* become affected were those protected from blood-sucking flies. At 

 Moliaud, the blood-suckiug flies found were Tabanus, Hiematopota, Stomoxys, 



