590 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



iiivt'iited by II. J. Loaui.st mid is entirely luecliaiiical, avoiding all pneumatic 

 devices. 



The essentials of the machine are a driving gear composed of a central spur 

 wheel in which a niniiber of pinions are adapted to mesh. These are connected 

 to the machine proper, which comprises four pairs of rubber-covered pads, one 

 of each pair remaining stationary, while the other is caused to reciprocate on 

 slides by means of a cam mechanism. This sliding motion is such that the 

 action of the thnn)b and tinger of the milker is said to be closely copied. 



Domestic water supply on the farm {Kans. Fartiicr, ^7 (1909), No. 30, pp. 

 4, 5, flll^- ")• — Various methods and plans suitable for use in isolated houses, 

 with the outline and plan for a windmill supply, are discussed. The i)lan is 

 illustrated to show the arrangement of pipes, boiler, tub and other fixtures. 



A farm cold storage house, D. A. Gaumnitz {Breeder' a Gas., 55 (1909). A'o. . 

 26, p. l-'f5'h fig. i). — A small cold storage house suitable for a farm or for a 

 cooperative association of farmers is described and plans for its construction 

 given. 



City conveniences in farm homes ( ffoiiiestedd, 5'i (1909), No. 30, pp. 1233, 

 123J{, figs. .'(). — In a plea for conveniences in farm homes the experience is cited 

 of a considerable number of farmers in a Missouri town, who have installed 

 modern improvements such as bathrooms, acetylene gas. and furnaces. In the 

 author's opinion these examples show that farm living conditions may be greatly 

 improved in this respect by the " expenditure of a small sum of money. It need 

 not exceed $500 in any average case." 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



The rural outlook, L. H. Bailf.y and C. W. Stiles (Proe. N. Y. Fanners, 

 1908-9, pp. J/l-Gli). — These are two addrjesses, followed by a discussion, deliv- 

 ered at a meeting of the New York Farmers, February 10, 1909. 



The address by Professor Bailey summarizes the work and findings of the 

 Country Life Commission (E. S. R., 20, pp. 601, 10S9) as to the deficiencies of 

 rural life and the remedies proposed for its rehabilitation. 



The address by Doctor Stiles deals with the sanitary conditions of farm life 

 in the South and their effects on the physical, economic, and social welfare of 

 the white and colored rural tenant class, the spread of diseases among the pop- 

 ulation, the enormous increase in the death rate, and the child labor and agri- 

 cultural lalior problems in the South. " About SO per cent of the negro farms 

 of the South have absolutely no sanitary provisions of any kind whatsoever, 

 and about 43 per cent of the white farms of the South have none. And, what 

 is worse, the people do not know the meaning of sanitation, nor do they know 

 the dangers of an unsanitary condition. When we stop this death rate, what 

 do we accomplish? In the first place, the pure matter of humanity; we sjive 

 the lives of women and children. In the second place, from an economic stand- 

 point we can relieve the labor scarcity of the South, and we can give to the 

 southern cotton mills enough childi-en over 14 years of age so that they will 

 not have to work children under 14 years. The cotton mill at present is the 

 best friend that these poor whites of the South have. The conditions on the 

 white tenant one-horse farms are so bad that child labor in the cotton mill is 

 a blessing to these people." 



The speaker advocated federal control of rural sanitation. By the expendi- 

 ture of about $2,000,000 it is believed unsanitary farms could be made sanitary 

 and the death rate on farms in the South be rendered more nearly normal. 



Help needed on the farm (Farmers' Tribune, 32 (1909), No. 31, p. 3). — 

 This article calls attention to the large number of men needed on farms in 



