E0ONt>MK' ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 647 



the andata buis iAgonosccIus puherula), the asal fly (Aphis snrghi). and a 

 millipede attacking dukhu. The animals injurious to cotton include the Egyp- 

 tian cotton boll worm (Earias insulana), which is very common in the Sudan 

 and is responsible for considerable yearly loss to the cottcm growers; the Sudan 

 cotton boll worm (Diparopsis castunca), cotton tlea beetles (Xisotra anifonnis 

 and AphtoiHi. sp.), the cotton root and stem borer, the Egyptian cotton stainer 

 (0.ri/careiius Jiijalinipcnnis), and the cotton aphis (Aphis mah-(e). Animals 

 injurious to cucurbits include the melon ladybird (Epilachna chrysomelina) , 

 the melon weevil (Baridius, sp.), the melon stem borer, melon fruit fly (Dacus, 

 sp.), and the melon plant bug (Aspongopus viduafiis). 



The Rerseem worm (Caradrina c.vigun) is injurious to alfalfa, and the green 

 molokhia worm (Gonitis involuia) and the red molokhia worm (Ta ruche tro- 

 pica) are destructive to jute. The migratory locusts (Schistocerca prrrgrina 

 and Acridium (vgyptian) are said to be the most important of all the insect 

 pests from which the agriculturists in the Sudan suffer. 



• The orange tree butterfly (Papilio dernolcus), rose chafers (Pachnoda sarig- 

 nyi and Stalagnosoma cynanche). and the date scale (Parlatoria [WebsterieUa] 

 W.anchardi) are mentioned as injurious to trees and shrubs. The animals men- 

 tioned as injurious to stored goods are the horn beetle (Dermestes vulpinus), the 

 clothes beetle (Anthrenns vorax), a seed beetle (Attogenus, sp.), the confused 

 flour beetle (Tribolium confusus), the saw-toothed grain beetle (Silvanus 

 surinameiisis), cigarette beetle, bean weevil, rice weevil, and the grain weevil. 

 Those mentioned as injuring timber are ^inoxylon scncgalcnse, white ants, and 

 the shipworm. Notes are also presented on several fungus pests and brief men- 

 tion is made of the occurrence of Cimex lectularius and rotundatus. 



Report of the entomologist, C. W. Howard (Transvaal Dept. Agr. Ann. Rpt. 

 1908, pp. 16.'i-209, pis. 5, fig. 1). — The principal work during the year was 

 connected with brown and red locust destruction. Brown locusts were as nu- 

 merous as during the previous year. The size of the invading swarms was un- 

 usually large, one having been fully 15 miles across its front and requiring 

 between 2 and 3 days to pass a certain point. A great deal of success was due 

 to preparations for the work having been made long before the first rains ap- 

 peared. Locust birds are increasing- in numbers. 



The importation of Italian bees during the season was very successful. It 

 is said that the department is now in a position to commence in a small way 

 the foundation of the silk industry among the people. The insect pests of 

 corn were more noticeable than for several years previous, the cornstalk borers 

 beginning to appear in November and destroying from 25 to 50 per cent of the 

 plants. The mealy stalk borer or mealy grub (Scsamia fiisca) was fii-st noticed 

 through the tops of young plants withering and turning to a brown .scorchei^l 

 color, due to the heart being eaten out of the plants. Scale insects upon citrus 

 trees are demanding considerable attention. Fumigation is considered the 

 most satisfactory remedy, and it is said that the more well-to-do farmers of 

 the colony are now readily adopting this system. Larvoe of the orange codling 

 moth (Enarmonia batrachopa) can be found in oranges, naartjes, and lemons 

 at almost any time of the year. 



Observations made during the year show that there are at least 3 generations 

 of the citrus psylla (Trioza sp.) each year in the Transvaal. The codling moth 

 is present in the colony in only one small place and every effort is being used 

 to keep it from becoming established. The greatest danger lies in the intro- 

 duction of apples, pears, and quinces from Cape Colony. The woolly aphis 

 still continues to cause a great deal of trouble as there are still a great number 

 of apple trees which are not on blight-proof stock and which harbor the insect 

 and furnish a source of infestation. Cockchafer beetles are becoming more 



