ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 657 



dried a careful examination sliowed no difference in the filling of tlie calyx 

 •cavities. Wliere power siirayers are operated at hijjli pressure it is considered 

 that Bordeaux mixture made with 2 lbs. of bluestone and ?> lbs. of lime to 50 

 gal. of mixture is sufficiently strong for the two sprayings following the falling 

 of the blossoms. 



It is reconnnended that for the first application, Bordeaux mixture (Hro: 50) 

 or (4:4: 50) be used after the cluster buds open but before blooming; that the 

 second application be Bordeaux mixture (2:3:50) and an arsenical, applied 

 just as soon as the bloom had fallen; that the third application be Bordeaux 

 mixture (2:3:50), or self-boiled sulphur-lime, and an arsenical, applied 3 to 

 4 weeks after the petals fall; that the fourth application be Bordeaux mixture 

 (4:4: 50) aud an arsenical, applied 6 or 7 weeks after the petals fall ; that the 

 fifth application be Boi-deaux mixture (4:4:50) and an arsenii-al, applied '.) 

 or 30 weeks after the blooming period; and that the sixth application be Bor- 

 deaux mixture (4:4:50) and an arsenical, applied nl)out 3 weeks after the 

 fifth application. 



Concentrated lime sulphur: Its properties, preparation, and use, J. P. 

 Stewart (Pennsylvania 8ta. Bui. 92, pp. 3-20, figs. 5). — The advantages 

 enumerated for this insecticide are cheapness and wide availability of ma- 

 terials; safety to the trees: simplicity of preparation: and substantial effective- 

 ness if carefully made and thoroughly applied; while the disadvantages are 

 extreme causticity and corrosion to flesh and machinery: large amounts of sed- 

 iment of uncertain value; a demand for immediate application; inability to 

 store the product, thus requiring extra labor at times when men are already 

 rushed and often involving loss of materials; the need for heating excessive 

 amounts of water ; the lack of " creeping ability ; " and the absence of a sure 

 and convenient test for reliability of the finished spray. These imperfections 

 having greatly limited the use of the wash, the author conduct(!d an investiga- 

 tion in order to determine the essential features involved in the prei)aration of 

 storable cencentrated solutions. 



The problem of producing a storable lime-sulphur is one of preventing the 

 crystal formation at ordinary temperatures and of securing a product suffi- 

 ciently condensed to entitle it to storage space. Excess of lime and exposure 

 to air were found to be important factors in the crystallization, whereas ordi- 

 nary temperatures have little effect on the crystallization or keeping qualities 

 cf solutions. 



The results of the experiments show that the way to avoid permanent crystal 

 formation is to remove the lime in the ingredients, transfer the liquid to a 

 storage vessel w'hile still hot, and protect it from the air, either by oil films or 

 complete filling of closed vessels. 



The results obtained from the use of different ratios of sulphur to lime show 

 that the optimum weight of sulphur for use with 100 gal. of water and 1(X) lbs. 

 of lime ranges from 190 to 205 lbs. " The best concentration is evidently a 

 matter of viewpoint. For the best utilization of materials and fair storage 

 qualities, 112 to 120-gal. volumes are preferable. For better storage and fair 

 utilization of materials, 75 to SO-gal. volumes may be I)est. For average quali- 

 ties of both utilization and storage, 100 to llO-gal. volumes are I)est, as well 

 as simplest, and are accordingly recommended in this bulletin for general con- 

 ditions." 



The details connected with the preparation and ai»plication of the wash in- 

 cluding a table of times and strengths of spraying for various, purposes are dis- 

 cussed at length. 



Directions for the application of carbon disulphid in vineyard, orchard, 

 garden, and farm, L. IIiltneb (Prnkt. Bl. Vflanzcnhnii u. Kcliutz, n. scr., 



