664 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



tity of protein and calories needed for physical efficiency under varying circum- 

 stances of age, sex, occupation, season, and climate; (c) by educating the labor- 

 ing classes, as the results of conclusions reached, as to how their living might 

 be improved by a more economical and effective application of their expenditure 

 on food." 



Cost of living' [in the district of Frankfort], F. Oppenheimer {Diplo. and 

 Coii.<i. R'pts. [London], Ann. Scr., 1909, No. 4325, pp. l'i-3Jf). — A considerable 

 amount of statistical data is summarized regarding the cost of food and other 

 household necessities, the consumption of meat, and similar topics. 



Labor, wages, and cost of living [Moscow], H. M. Grove (Diplo. and Cons. 

 Rpts. [London'], Ann. Ser., 1909, A'o. .'/523, pp. 20-21f). — Some data are included 

 regarding the cost of important foodstuffs in different years. 



Food requirements in the Tropics and in Europe, Glogner {Arch. Schiffs 

 u. Tropen Hyg., 13 {1909), No. 6; ais. in Biochem. Zentbl., 8 {1909), No. 13-16, 

 p. 695). — In the Tropics the author weighed 71 kg. and required 2,118 calories 

 or 29.8 calories per kilogram for maintenance. After .5 years residence in 

 Europe lie required only 2.5.4 calories per kilogram and increased in weight. 



The amount of water consumed per day in the Tropics was greater than in 

 Euroiie by 35.3 cc. 



The influence of meteorological and climatic conditions on metabolism, 

 J. B. Nichols {Med. Rec. [N. Y.], 76 {1909), No. 12, pp. J,71, //72).— On the 

 basis of data which he has collectetl and summarized the author discusses the 

 regulation of body temperature, and the effects of heat and humidity of the 

 atmosphere and other conditions on food requirements, muscular work, and 

 other body conditions. A generous diet he considers is required in cold weather 

 or cold climates to make up for the greater loss of heat. " There is no necessity 

 for an increase of nitrogenous food in the cold, as energy yield only is needed, 

 for which purpose fat and carbohydrate admirably serve. . . . 



" In hot humid weather it is especially important for the individual's comfort 

 and safety that heat elimination be adequate. Heat production should be 

 reduced to a minimum, as by avoiding muscular activity. The diet is not the 

 greatest factor affecting the amount of body oxidation, as any excess of food 

 not required to be burned up to provide for the body activities is stored up in 

 the body. However, excess of food does to some degree increase body oxidation, 

 carbohydrate least, and protein much the most. Hence is indicated rather 

 spare diet in hot weather, especially of nitrogenous food. However, in obese 

 persons a spare protein diet might be of advantage, through its effect in dimin- 

 ishing the store of body fat and so impi'oving the conditions for heat dissipa- 

 tion." 



The digestion and absorption of protein, K. von Korosy {Zentbl. Physiol., 

 23 {1909), No. 7, pp. 205-208). — The absorption of protein and protein constit- 

 uents in different parts of the digestive tract was studied, using egg albumen, 

 gliadin, glycocol, and leucin. 



Larger amounts of several amino-acids were absorbed in passing from the 

 small intestine to 100 cm. of the Cfecum than was the case Vx^ith the mixed 

 cleavage products, the difference between the lower and the higher cleavage 

 products being especially marked. As the author points out, the experimental 

 data reported did not prove that protein is hydrolized to amino-acids and ab- 

 sorbed in this form, though they render such a supposition probable. 



The fate in the animal body of the benzol ring of protein which is not 

 hydrolized. Phenazeturic acid as an important constituent of urine, H. 

 Yasiliu {Mitt. Landw. Inst. Brcslau, ', {1909), No. 5, pp. 70 J-7i// ) .—Investiga- 

 tions are reported in continuation of earlier work (E. S. R., IS, p. 863). 



