DISEASES OF PLANTS. 245 



stages of the disease show, however, that only the leaves ai"e affected. The 

 twigs are found carrying the fungus, but do not die from its presence. They 

 seem lo be injured only indirectly through the destruction of the leaves. 



Tlie fungus was tirst described from Brazil, occurring on apples and quinces, 

 and there a])pears to be little doubt of tlue identity of the present material. 

 The disease is said to prevail generally throughout the mountain section of 

 North Carolina and is also known to be present in West Virginia and Alabama, 

 while other observations seem to indicate a still wider spread. 



As the fungus winters in a purely superficial manner upon the twigs, depend- 

 ing but slightly on spores for its propagation, it is believed that thorough spray- 

 ing in the spring will result in its control. 



The treatment of the downy mildew of grapes, H. Gouthiere {Prog. Affr. 

 ct Vit. {Ed. VEst-Ccntre), 30 {1909), Xo. IT, pp. 507-.5i.'/).— Suggestions are 

 given for the control of the downy mildew of the grape, and the relative merits 

 of Bordeaux mixture, Burgundy mixture, and copper acetate solutions are dis- 

 cussed. The author states that in order to be effective the proper time nnist be 

 chosen for the application of the fungicides and the purest possible chemicals 

 should be employed in their manufacture. 



The bud rot and some other coconut troubles in Cuba, W. T. Horne {Estac. 

 Cent. Agr. Cuba Bui. 15, English Ed., pp. JfS, pis. 15). — The author describes the 

 bud rot of coconut, giving an account of its history and occurrence in Cuba and 

 the symptoms by which its presence may be recognized ; discusses the various 

 attributed causes, and suggests methods for its control. 



The presence of the disease is first recognized by the dropping of the young 

 fruits, followed by the fading or yellowing of the leaves, and later by the char- 

 acteristic rotting of the undeveloped leaves in the center of the top. 



A number of fungi and bacteria have been isolated from the affected portions 

 of the trees, and associated with the disease are a number of insects. 



Among the remedial measures suggested are the destruction of the tops of 

 all dead or seriously affected trees, flaming or burning out the tops of all early 

 or suspected cases, and spraying with Bordeaux mixture for the protection of 

 healthy trees. 



Among the minor diseases described are the coconut leaf spot due to Pestalos- 

 zia pahnarum, leaf dwarfing, the cause of which is not well understood, and 

 water injury. In addition descriptive notes are given on a number of insect 

 and other animal pests. 



A Funtumia disease, G. Massee {Roy. Bot. Gard. Kew, Bui. Misc. Inform., 

 1909, No. S, pp. l.'il, l-'f8). — A description is given of a canker disease affecting 

 one of the rubber trees {Funtumia elastica), the cause of which is said to be 

 Nectria funtumia^ n. sp. A technical description of the fungus is presented. In 

 general appearance and mode of extension, the disease is apparently similar to 

 the cacao canker disease of Ceylon, which is also due to a species of Nectria. 



Diseases of the almond, G. Arnaud {Prog. Agr. et Vit. {Ed. VEst-Centre), 

 30 {1909), No. 15, pp. Ji51-Ii56). — Descriptions are given of the gummosis of the 

 almond due to Coryneum heijerinckii, leaf curl {Exoascus deformans), leaf spot 

 {Polysliyniu ochraceum), spot disease of the twigs {Fusicoveum umygdali), rust 

 {Puvclina pruni), and anthracnose {(llwosporium amyydalinum) . together with 

 suggestions for the use of fungicides in combating these diseases. 



The appearance of oak mildew in Wiirttemberg', O. Kirchner {Naturw. 

 Zts'/ir. Forst u. Landw., 7 {1909), No. //, pp. 213-217).— The occurrence of 

 oak mildew in Wiirttemberg is announced, the species attacked being for the 

 most part Quercus sessiliftora and Q. pedunculata. An examination of the 

 material showed the conidial stage of the fungus present in 34 forest districts. 

 In 2 instances the perithecia were found, and a study of the fruiting bodies led 



