ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 251 



" The ouly remedies generally practiced are the squeezing out of the grubs 

 or Icilling them by putting some substance, such as turpentine, carbolated oil, 

 axle grease, etc., into their breathing lioles in the animal's back. Dipping, 

 being practiced in the fall and early spring befoi'e the breathing holes are well 

 formed, is considered usually ineffectual against warbles. Late spring dipping 

 has, however, apparently proved helpful in some cases. Actual experimentive 

 tests, which it has as j-et been impracticable to make, seem necessary for the 

 complete determination of this point." 



The common horse botfly (GastropJiilK.s equi) is found in all sections of the 

 State, and the chin botfly ((7. nasal is) of the horse was almost equally preva- 

 lent. The red-tailed botfly (G. luetnorrhoidalis) is said to be comparatively 

 rare, but the sheep botfly (Oestrus oris) is found nearly everywhere that sheep 

 are kept. An account is given of the life history of these flies. Other Ameri- 

 can botflies briefly considered include species of Cephenomyia, which infest the 

 various members of the deer family, and species of Cuterebra, which para- 

 sitize rodents, etc. 



[Insect pests I, M. H. Swenk, H. S. Smith, and L. Bruner (Insect Pest and 

 Plant Disease Bur. Nebr., Circs. 7. pp. 4, fiff. 1 ; 8, pp. 4, figs. 2; 9, pp. //. figs. 3; 

 10, pp. Jt, fig. 1). — These circulars take up. respectively, the strawberry leaf- 

 roller (Anei/lis coniptana), potato stalk borer (Trichobaris trinotata), corn- 

 ear worm (Ucliothis obsolcta), and the house fly. 



Observations of the season [in Ohio], H. A. Gossard (Ann. Rpt. Ohio Bd. 

 Agr., 62 (1907), pp. 90^-911). — Scoiytus rugulosus is said to be attacking and 

 threatening the destruction of orchards in some districts of the State. In con- 

 nection with the codling moth experiments here briefly consi-dered. it is stated 

 that the ordhiary Vermorel nozzles with medium caps give the best spray at 

 100 lbs. pressure. The variegated cutworm (Peridronia saucia) was quite 

 destructive in some localities, while the radish maggot was not so destructive 

 as in former years. The grape-berry worm, while not so destructive in the 

 grape x'egion along the lakes, became more injurious in the interior sections. 

 The greenhouse white fly has become established in many greenhouses. A 

 Millipede became very numerous in the station greenhouse and killed a few 

 cucumbers. The raspberry flower beetle {Byturus unicolor) was quite de- 

 structive in one county. 



The army worm, H. Garman {Kentucky Sta. Bui. 137, pp. Ji3t-.'f/i9, ;j/.s. 6, 

 figs. 5). — Ileliophila itnipuncta is said to attract attention in Kentucky from 

 time to time because of its injury to timothy, millet, and other grasses. In 

 1908, complaints were frequently received from farmers living in the bluegrass 

 region of the State. Bluegrass, corn, and even red clover were gnawed, while 

 alsike clover, in one case noted, was rather badly injured. Alsine octoftora was 

 stripped of its leaves wherever it occurred in a field of clover. White top 

 {Erigrron annuus) was a favorite food plant. 



Brief notes are presented on the crops attacked by army worms, localities 

 in which the worms gather head, and the weather most favorable to their de- 

 velopment. Technical descriptions of the stages and notes on the early litera- 

 ture of the army worm are also given. 



At least 3 broods develop during the season In the State. The moths of the 

 second brood were observed from June 22 to July 10, tliose of the third brood 

 emerged on August 5, and a fourth brood emerged on September 18. 



The tachinids Winthemia Ji-pustulata and Phorocera leucamw, and the bracho- 

 nid Apahtelcs niilitaris are the parasites found to attack it in Kentucky. The 

 tachinid Bclvoisia unifasciata also occurs in the State, but has not as yet been 

 found to be a parasite of the army worm. Several species of the digger wasps 

 have been found to destroy the army worm. Observations on the methods of 



