254 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



from above to the bushes. In this way the bushes will be entirely covered 

 with spray and a great deal of labor saved beside enabling the grower to cover 

 a large area of berries in a comparatively short time. In connection with 

 the arsenic spray, thorough cultivation late in the fall close up around the 

 bushes will destroy many of the pupre or expose them to the freezes and thaws 

 of winter, thereby causing their destruction. 



" Spraying with kerosene emulsion is only to be recommended where the 

 beetles are already very numerous, and the spraying with arsenate of lead has 

 been deferred until after the beetles have appeared in large numbers; even 

 then, the arsenate of lead will be full}- as effective and last for a much longer 

 period, but in extreme cases the two may be used together. Bordeaux may be 

 added for fungus diseases, and will help to hold the arsenate of lead on the 

 foliage and buds, making the spray slightly more efficient than if arsenate of 

 lead were used alone." 



The raspberry flower beetle (Byturus unicolor), H, A. Gossard (Ohio Sta. 

 Circ. 89. pp. 3, -}). — A brief account is given of this pest (see above). 



Experiments with remedies for the grape Eudemis, J. Capus and J. Fe\'- 

 TAUD {Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. VEst-Centre), 29 (1908), No. 29, pp. 77-87).— 

 A report of experiments made in Gironde in 1907 with remedies for Eudemis 

 ioirana. 



Nicotine and bariuni chlorid were tested, the best results being obtained 

 from the latter. A 2 per cent solution of barium chlorid and molasses, applied 

 in July before the eggs were deposited, decreased the amount of injury by 

 S2 per Cent. The toxic effect of this insecticide is said to be very high. Nico- 

 tine was also quite effective, as was the hand collection of the pest while in 

 the pupal stage. 



A new parasite of the grapevine pyralid, H. Sicard (Compt. Rend. Acad. 

 Set. [Paris], i.J7 (1908), No. 20, pp. 9',l-9-'i3). — The tachinid Parerynnia 

 (Erynnia) tihrissata, is reported to have been so abundant during 1908 that it 

 destroyed 60 per cent of the grapevine pyralids (G^Jnophtira pilleriana). 

 Chalcis sminuta, previously i-eported as a parasite of this moth, and a species of 

 Pteromalus are hyperparasites and prevent a more extensive parasitism by 

 the tachinid. Tachina hortontm, a second species, is said to be a well-known 

 parasite of this motli. 



The pine-cone gall fly, M. Seitner {Centhl. Gesam. Forstw., 3'/ (1908), A'O. 

 5, pp. J 85-190, figs. 9). — The author presents an account of the life history and 

 habits of Pletneliella abietina, with descriptions of the life stages. 



The preparation and application of insecticides and fungicides, J. S. 

 HousER iEstac. Cent. Agroii. Cuba Circ. 33, English Ed., pp. Jfl, figs. 23). — 

 Formulas of insecticides and fungicides, with directions for their application, 

 are given. Spraying machines and equipment are described and illustrated. 



The biting of man by squirrel fleas, G. W. McCoy (Pub. Health and Mar. 

 Hasp. Serv. U. 8., Pub. Health Rpts., 23 (1908), No. 48, p. 1719).— "The find- 

 ing of several plague-infected ground squirrels in California, together with the 

 belief that it is possible for man to be infected with plague from squirrels, 

 prompted experiments to determine whether fleas from these rodents would 

 bite man under experimental conditions. 



"In the experiments the common California ground squirrel {Citellus 

 beecheyi), the species in which plague infection has been found, was etherized 

 in a mouse jar and the fleas were collected and identified. The fleas were then 

 placed in large test tubes, 4 to 6 fleas in each tube. To feed them the tube was 

 inverted over the forearm of a healthy man. 



"For the first experiment 30 fleas {Ceratophyllus acutus), the majority of 

 which were females, were applied 1 hour after they had been removed from 



