ANIMAL PRODUCTIOISr. 267 



of the food. In a similar iiianiiei- tlio noriiial crcatiiiiu output iu conditions of 

 high muscular activity may be explained by the assumptioa of a higher in- 

 tensity in the power of the organism to oxidize creatin, although the creatin 

 production in these conditions probably exceeds the normal limits." 



The influence of protein and carbohydrate consumption upon metabolism, 

 A. GiGON {Skaud. Arch. Phi/ftioL, 21 (IDOD), \o. 6, pp. 331-367). — From the 

 respiratory quotient experiments reported it appears that taking either sugar 

 or protein caused a temporary rise in the excretion of carbon dioxid. If the 

 luuount was taken in several like portions at regular intervals, the increased 

 carbon dioxid excretion remained constant for several hours. The excretion 

 of nitrogen and phosphoric acid iu the urine was not affected by a regulated 

 consumption of sugar, and there is no reason for supposing that with respect 

 to metabolism sugar replaced protein. 



The increased respiratory exchange after food is taken, the author considers, 

 is connected entirely with the digestive processes, but he does not believe that 

 the term " work of digestion " is applicable iu such cases, since one can hardly 

 believe that the muscular work of the intestinal region is sufficient to explain 

 the observed increase in respiratory quotient after food is taken. It is also 

 hard to understand why dextrose solution should cause a marked increase iu 

 the work of digestion. From his investigations he concludes that it is proper 

 to speak of the " specific dynamic effect " of certain foodstuffs. 



The effect of muscular work upon the sugar content of the blood, F. Reach 

 (Zcntbl. Gcsam. Physiol, u. Path. Staff icechscls, n. ser., 4 {1909), No. 7, pp. 

 2'fl, 2.i2). — From a discussion of experimental data not yet reported in full, 

 the author concludes that neither the lowering of the sugar of the blood owing 

 to muscular work, nor the stimulation of the muscles and liver, is the cause 

 of the rush of sugar to the blood. He considers rather that the passage of 

 sugar from places of storage to the blood is due to the action of hormones. 



The influence of training upon carbon dioxid excretion when isometric 

 muscular work is performed, A. F. Hellsten (Skand. Arch. Physiol., 22 (1909), 

 A'o. 1, pp. 1-22). — In general the author found that as a result of training the 

 excretion of carbon dioxid was diminished when muscular work was performed 

 under the experimental conditions. The generally observed fact that when the 

 same amount of muscular work is performed an untrained person is more 

 exhausted than one in training, according to the author, is not a subjective 

 condition, but is due to the greater excretion of carbon dioxid, or iu other 

 words, to a greater expenditure of muscular work. 



In connection with his observations studies were made of body temi)erature 

 and it was found that it was decidedly increased by the work performed. 



Metabolism in man with greatly diminished lung area, T. M. Carpenter 

 and F. G. Benedict (Amcr. Jour. Physiol., 23 {1909), Xo. 6, pp. .'il2--'ft9). — 

 liespiration calorimeter experiments with a subject having the use of only one 

 lung are reportetl and discussed iu comparison with similar data obtained with 

 normal subjects. According to the authors, " the only deduction that can be 

 drawn from the experimental data is that the reduction of the area for oxygen 

 absorption and carbonic acid elimination in the lungs by about one-half has 

 not materially altered the total metabolism." 



ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



On testing the working capacity of heavy horses, K. L. von TiUTzow {Dent. 

 Laiidw. /'rc.s.sT, 36 {1909), No. 20, p. ^SJ).— The author presents in tal)ular 

 form the loss in weight and number of days required to regain the original 

 weight of three groups of horses after having been at hard work for two 

 different periods of 14 days each, separated by a resting period of 3 days. 



