MKTIsOTUn.OCY WATER. 711 



volved in tho nianiifactnro of the more generally employed flavoring extracts. 

 Those which are inciiuled in the list are vanilla, lemon, orange, peppermint, 

 wintergreen, and almond, and the extracts prepared from the higher alcohols 

 and esters, the latter being listed as imitations. In the case of vanilla special 

 prominence is given to the origin and cultivation of the beans, their grading, 

 and the preparation of the extract thcrt'froiii. The niannfacture of lemon oil 

 is also given in detail. 



Milk and egg powders, M. Popp {Chcm. Ztg., 33 (n)09). No. 71, pp. 647, 

 648). — The manufacture of dried milk, milk powder, and egg powder is dis- 

 cussed and the composition of these products prepared under varying conditions 

 is shown. 



The pollution of canned goods after sterilization, Pfuhl (Ztschr. Hyg. u. 

 hifcldionslcninl:, 61 (I'JOS), Xo. 2, pp. 209-212).— In view of the fact that many 

 manufacturers do not tal^e sufficient precautions in regard to hermetically seal- 

 ing their canned goods the author sterilized cans of the regular stock and others 

 pnritosely polluted. On examination those which had been polluted wex"e found 

 to have become sterile, whereas the ordinary stock on being examined after 

 a week or so was found to contain bacteria. From this it is concluded that the 

 pollution took place after the sterilizing process. 



Examination of varnishes for canning purposes, T, Grubeb (Ztschr. 

 Offcutl. Chnii.. lo {1909). No. 6, pp. 107-1/0; ah.s. in CJinn. Zcntbl., 1909. I, \o. 

 IS, p. l.)12; Pure Products, 5 {1909), Xo. .S. p. .//fl-O).— Tests to determine the 

 snitabilit.v of varnish for canning pur])oses are reported. 



Antiformin: A study of the bacterial solvent properties of this substance, 

 rHLENiiuTH and Xylaxdek [Arb. K. (Ittiidlitsamt., 32 {1909). Xo. 1, pp. I-jH-217, 

 pi. 1). — A«alysis of this product, calculated as hypochlorite of soda, showed it 

 to contain 7.5 per cent sodium hydroxid and 5.6 per cent of chlorin. When 

 allowed to act upon sputum, feces, cholera tubercle, pneumonia, and other bac- 

 teria, manure pits, etc., it was shown to be efficient under the conditions 

 described. 



METEOROLOGY— WATER. 



The so-called change of climate in the semiarid West, R. H. Sullivan 

 (U. S. Drpt. Apr. Yearbook 190S. pp. 288-300, fig. i).— From a review of the 

 available data the conclusion is reached *' that the so-called changes in climate 

 have been nothing more than irregular oscillations; that a succession of dr.v 

 .vears has given way to recurring wet years; that there are altei'nating series 

 of warm and cool years; that thus far there are imperfect seasons of maximum 

 winds attending low-latitude storm movements, with turns to minimum winds 

 attending high-latitude storm movements ; that droughts are possible in any part 

 of the country at any time, winter or summer; and that it is be.vond the power 

 of memory even to chronicle the abnormal in weather, without considering its 

 application to climate." 



Climate of Yukon Territory. R. F. Stupart (Trans. Canad. Inst., 8 (1909), 

 III, No. 18, pp. 291-295). — Meteorological observations begun at Fort Constan- 

 tine in 1S95 and continued at Dawson since 1900, and partial records at Selkirk, 

 Tagish Lake, and White Horse are summarized. 



"A study of all available data leads to the conclusion that while Dawson is 

 farther north than White Horse, the climate of the former place is much more 

 suitable for agiMcultural jiurposes than that of the latter, and in general that 

 the northern and eastern jiortions of the Yukcm have a warmer summer climate 

 than have the more southern portions." 



