VETERINARY MEDICINE. 785 



It is a variety of Piroplasma hhjcininum and shows iu certain culture media 

 developmental forms which correspond to those described by Robert Koch in 

 the tick for P. Mgeminum. This pirojilasma, when kept in the bouillon employed 

 and at a temperature of 29 to 31° C, dies within 5 to 10 days. 



" In the Philippine Islands there occurs a Trypanosoma of cattle which is 

 different morpholofjcically and biologically from Truixniosoma cvanxi and from 

 the other trypanosomata of mammals. Its virulence for the Indo-Chinese and 

 Australian calves appears to bo slight. This trypanosoma could not be dis- 

 covered in the fresh blood by microscopical examination, but could be culti- 

 vated in a mixture of blood and bouillon, and could be transferred to healthy 

 caJves by the subcutaneous injection of the cultures. The trypanosoma 

 remains alive and capable of causing infection for at least 10 days in the 

 bouillon employed when kept at a temperature of 29 to 31°. Since the Piro- 

 plasma which was present at the same time in the blood of the ' orighial calf 

 died out at this temperature within the above-mentioned time, it was possible 

 to isolate the trypanosoma and to transfer it, thus separated from the piro- 

 plasma, to calves. These culture experiments ijrove the great importance of 

 this method for the differentiaticm of blood parasites." 



Notes on a case of Piroplasma bigeminum, A. R. Wellington (Jour. Trop. 

 AIC(L and Hijg. [London}, 12 (1909), No. IJ,, p. 207, fig. J).— An account of this 

 disease in a bull received in Borneo direct from England. 



Equine biliary fever, C. H. H. Jolliffe (Vet. Jour., 65 (1900), Nos. Ji09, pp. 

 338-3 Jf9 ; J/IO, pp. 398-40.5). — A review of the knowledge of equine piroplas- 

 mosis. 



Notes on immunity in canine piroplasmosis, G. H. F. Xuttall and G. S. 

 Graham-Smith (Parasitology, 2 (J909), No. 3, pp. 215-228). — As yet the experi- 

 ments have failed to yield promising results. The parasites of Piroplasmosis 

 cants may persist in the blood of apparently recovered dogs for a considerable 

 length of time, 6 months to 2 years, and so long as they are present in the 

 blood the hitter remains fully virulent for clean dogs. The passage of the 

 African P. canis through upwards of 90 animals in the course of 2i years has 

 shown that the parasite may be communicated by inoculation from dog to dog 

 for an indefinite period. 



Note on attempts to infect the fox and the jackal with Piroplasma canis, 

 G. H. F. NuTTALL and G. S. Graham-Smith (Parasitology, 2 (1909), No. 3, pp. 

 211-21J(). — The experiments appear to indicate that P. canis is peculiarly 

 specific in its pathogenicity, since it is incapable of producing disease in the fox 

 and jackal, species closely allied to the dog. They also seem to show that 

 neither of these species is concerned in the maintenance of the disease in nature. 



Surra in the Federated Malay States, H. Fraser (Jour. Trop. Vet. Sci., /f 

 (1909). Xo. 3. pp. 3'i5-389. Jig. 1). — Previously noted from another source (E. S. 

 R., 21, p. 6.82). 



Transmission of Trypanosoma brucei by Glossina palpalis, Kleine (Deiit. 

 Med. Wchnschr., 35 (1909), No. 11, pp. Ji69, /,70).—The author here reports 

 upon investigations conducted in German East Africa. 



Flies fed upon infected hosts for 3 days and then for 14 days upon fresh 

 healthy animals did not transmit the infection. From the eighteenth to the 

 twenty-fourth day, however, the flics were fed on a sheep and from the twenty- 

 fifth to the thirty-ninth day on an ox, both hosts becoming infected. Goats, 

 calves, and sheep were used to feed the flies from the fortieth to the fiftieth 

 day and all were infected. " From this it is seen that flies which for many 

 days after the ingestion of blood containing trypanosomes were not infective, 

 aftem'ards became so." 



