RURAL ENGINEERING. 793 



Observations on the division of spirochetes, Douis L. Mackinnon {Parasi- 

 tology, 2 (1909), No. 3, pp. 207-280, figs. 2).— The author is inclined to the 

 opinion that both longitudinal and transverse divisions take place in the spiro- 

 chetes, the latter form being the more eoininon. 



A critical review of our present knowledg'e of the haemoflagellates and 

 allied forms, W. S. Patton {I'amsitoJotiil, 2 (1900), No. 1-2, pp. 91-l.'i3).— An 

 extensive bibliography accompanies this accouut. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



The small irrig-ation pumping plant. B. P. Fleming (New Mexico Sta. Bui. 

 11, pp. 3-75, figs. 18, dgiiis. J,). — Most of the water supply of the TeiTitory of 

 New Mexico available from streams is covered by existing rights, leaving agri- 

 cultural extension in the Territory very largely dependent upon either the 

 storage of storm waters or i)umping with underground waters. 



This bulletin is i)repared especially for homeseekers who nuist depend upon 

 pumping to secure a water supply for irrigation, and covers practically all of 

 the poiuts which would occur to one who is contemplating the establishment of 

 a pumping plant in New Mexico. It discusses the occurrence of ground waters, 

 the sinking of wells, including methods, machinery, casings, and strainers; the 

 types of pumps adapted to lifting water for irrigation under New Mexico con- 

 ditions; types of engines and motors; and the construction of reservoirs. Most 

 of the points are illustrated by drawings. Tables are included showing the 

 profitable limit of lifting for several crops with various fuels at different prices, 

 and charts depicting the s.nme facts are also given. 



Decreasing the consumption of fuel and lumber, A. Joaciiimsson (Ostergot- 

 lands Ldns Hushall. Sallsk. Handl., 1909, No. 3, pp. 34, figs. 19). — The pamphlet 

 deals with measures for decreasing the domestic consumption of fuel, peat, and 

 lumber, for fencing, building i)urposes, etc., and shows how other materials, 

 especially cement, may be substituted for wood. 



Cement silos in Michigan, .1. A. Jeffery (Michigan Sta. Bui. 255, pp. 63-92, 

 figs. 29). — This bulletin discusses the principles of silo construction, and gives 

 data on methods of building and material used in the erection of some success- 

 ful cement silos in INlichigan. Some suggestions are also offered on stave silos, 

 and attention is called to the waste of silage which often occurs b"cause silos 

 are not properly tilled. 



A number of solid cement wall silos are described which cost from $202 to 

 $250. For their construction either wooden, iron, or steel forms may be used. 

 Details are given for constructing several types of cement block silos costing 

 from $1.50 up. One of these, 28 ft. high and 16^ ft. in diameter, required 700 

 blocks. It is said that .3 men can make about 100 blocks per day. One type 

 of hollow wall cement silo is made so by the use of drain tile in addition to the 

 cement block. It is thought by some that silage is more liable to freeze in the 

 hollow than in the solid wall silo. For reenforcing these silos the most coumion 

 materials used are either wire cables or barbed wire built into the wall about 

 18 in. apart. In some cases 2-in. band iron hoops are built on the outside, as 

 in the case of the stave silo. 



At the present time the cement block silo is more popul.ir than the solid wall 

 cement silo because the work of constructing the cement block silo seems to be 

 more attractive, and the expense and labor entailed in building forms for a 

 solid cement wall are considerably greater than in building the form for making 

 cement blocks. When forms are built for a single solid wall this difference 

 in expense is magnified. This observation does not hold where the professional 

 silo builder is employed. 



Labor saving devices in farm buildings, V. Jonsson (K. Landtbr. Akad. 

 Handl. och Tidskr., .',8 (1909), No. 1, pp. 3-32, figs. 26).— An illustrated article 



