794 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



showing methods of construction of, and labor saving devices in, barns, cow 

 and horse stables, and hog houses. Many of the suggestions made were 

 prompted by a study of farm architecture in the United States, made by the 

 author during 1907. 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



The wastes of the farm, A. F. Woods {V. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook 1908, pp. 

 1!)5-216). — This article points out the great economic losses which occur on 

 farms in the United States as a result of a lack of up-to-date tools and ma- 

 chinery, the inetiicient application of labor, the over-cropping and insufficient 

 fertilization of the lands, improper location of wells, the failure to grow garden 

 crops for home consumption, lack of system in crop rotations and farm manage- 

 ment, the purchase of cheap and poor seed, failure to control diseases and insect 

 enemies of crops, careless marketing of products, and numerous other sources of 

 waste. 



While in many instances the loss to individual farmers from some or all of 

 these causes may not be very great, it annually amounts to many millions of 

 dollars, thus reducing the profits to the farmer and increasing the price of 

 products to consumers. It is believed that under a system of scientific farm 

 management these losses will be largely reduced in the future. 



" For the past ten years there has been apparent to all interested in agricul- 

 tural production a rapidly increasing interest in improved methods all along the 

 line. There is a strong demand for men better trained in the business and art 

 of farming and farm management. The methods of the men who have made a 

 success of farming are being studied. The improvement of soil and the use of 

 fertilizers are now problems of interest to most farmers in all parts of the 

 country. Higher-bred crops and animals now interest the many instead of the 

 few. The control of diseases of plants and animals is receiving more general 

 and intelligent consideration. Better marketing methods, the improvement of 

 farm sanitation and home conditions and life in general on the farm and its 

 relation to the general welfare are uppermost in the minds of a rapidly increas- 

 ing number, not only of farmers, but of the public generally. The wonderful 

 progress made on American farms in the last century is but the beginning of 

 a much greater development in this new century." 



The business side of farming-. Farm records, J. A. Bexell ( CorvaUis, Oreg., 

 1D09, pp. 11). — This is part 1 of a manual to be used as a text-book devoted to 

 the business side of farming, the remaining parts dealing respectively with rural 

 law and rural economics. This part illustrates and describes the single and 

 double entry systems of keeping farm accounts, with practice work in both 

 forms. 



Farm accounts, J. O. Feet {Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 16 (1909), No. 6, pp. 

 453-Jt63). — This article discusses and illustrates the advantages of keeping farm 

 accounts, what books to keep, when and how to commence farm accounts, and 

 profit or loss in various departments. 



Types of farming- in the United States, W. .J. Spillman ( U. S. Dept. Agr. 

 Yearbook 1908, pp. 351-366). — The various types of farming carried on in this 

 country are outlined in this article to meet the needs of city toilers and others 

 unacquainted with the rudiments of the industry who desire to take up farming 

 as a business. 



The article sets forth the systems of farm management practiced under gen- 

 eral conditions in various parts of the country and on the different classes of 

 farms mentioned, and points out the conditions under which success or failure 

 is likely to result. Before undertaking to faim the beginner is urged to study 

 the literature of the various types of farming. In a comparison of farming 

 with other industries the conclusion is drawn that " the intelligent farmer pro- 



