54 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



corinectlou between these 2 plant lice. The root-upliis is the only one whicli 

 causes serious trouble. This insect is described in its various stages and notes 

 are given on its life history. 



In combating the pest the best results are had from adopting a system of 

 crop rotation, stirring the soil after plowing and before cultivating the crop. 

 l)lowing the soil in the fall or winter, making heavy aiiplications of barnyard 

 manure, and treating the seed corn with a mixture of wood alcohol and oil of 

 lemon. The last-named remedy was advised by Professor Forbes of the Illinois 

 Station. 



The strawberry root-louse: Life history and remedies, C O. Houghton 

 (Dehiivurc Sta. Che 2, pp. 4)- — The life history of this insect is briefly outlined. 

 In controlling the pest good results are to be expected from burning over old 

 strawberry beds, dipping infested plants in tobacco tea prepared by boiling for 

 one-half hour 1 lb. of tobacco stems in 1 gal. of water, or fumigation with hydro- 

 c-yanic-aeid gas. 



New hemipterous fruit pests in Britain, F. V. Theobald (Jour. Econ. Biol., 

 .i (1907), Ao. 1, pp. 14-25, pis. 2). — A considerable variety of leaf-hoppers have 

 caused serious damage to all kinds of orchard trees and bush fruits. The 

 author gives an accovint of the biology of Typhlocyha quercas, Chloritu flavcs- 

 cens, and C. viridula. Several natural enemies and parasites of these pests 

 have been collected. The nymphs of these leaf-hoppers may best be destroyed, in 

 the opinion of the author, by treating infested trees or shrubs with keroseue 

 emulsion containing .3 gal. of oil to 100 gal. of water. 



Spraying for the codling moth, J. W. Lloyd (Illinois Sta. Bill. 114, I'P- 

 .n.')-42'K tUi'<- •'•• — Orchardists throughout the State of Illinois follow the prac- 

 tice of spraying their orchards ?> times a year, using Bordeaux mixture and Paris 

 green, or some other arsenical, for the purpose of combating apple scab and 

 codling moth at the same time. The first application is usually directed against 

 apple scab, but Paris green is added to the mixture in order to poison canker 

 worms. The second application is commonly made immediately after the i)etals 

 fall and the third a week or 10 days later. 



The subject of combined spraying for codling moth and apple scab was 

 carefully investigated l)y the author. It appears that the first applicatiou for 

 the codling moth should be timed i)referably with reference to the most ad- 

 \-anced young apples rather than to the average development of the entire 

 setting. It is concluded that spraying for the first brood of the codling moth 

 may take place as soon as most of the petals have fallen and should be com- 

 pleted within 7 days from that date. It is desirable to use at this time a 

 large amount of spraying material and apply it under high jiressure. This 

 treatment is aimed at the first brood of codling moth and the calyx cud of the 

 apples should be well filled with the insecticide. 



Since the larvie of the second brood continue to api»ear during a period of 

 4 or .5 weeks, it is necessary to make repeated applications in order to keep 

 them fairly in check. If the first treatment is carefully done subsequent appli- 

 cations will be less important. 



The use of a simple mixtiu'e of Paris green and water is not ieconHiien<led 

 for the reason that it injures the foliage and causes dx'opping of the apples. 

 The best results are obtained from the use of Paris green in Bordeaux mixture 

 at the rate of \ lb. to 50 gal. of water, or 25 oz. of lead acetate and 10 o/. sodium 

 arsenate in 50 gal. of water. 



Two common scale insects, C. O. Houghton {Dcluirure ISto. (Jirc. 3, pij. (J. 

 ftg. 1). — A brief accoiuit is given of the life history, habits, and food plants of 

 the oyster-shell scale and scurfy scale. In combating the oyster-shell scale the 



