78 EXPERIMENT STATION HECORD. 



Investigations in the manufacture and curing of cheese. Vll, Directions 

 for making the Camembert type of cheese, T. W. Issa.ikfk (l . *S'. Dept. Agr.. 

 Bur. Anhn. Indus. Bui. 9S, pp. 21, fiys. ID).- — This has already been noted from 

 another source (E. S. R., 18, p. 1079). 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



The effect of sunlight upon pathogenic bacteria, K. Wiesner {Arch. Hyg., 

 61 (1907), No. 1, pp. 1-102, figs. 16). — This article is a report upon one of a 

 most elaborate series of investigations regarding the effect of sunlight in attenu- 

 ating or otherwise influencing jiathogenic bacteria. The organisms used in 

 these experiments included t^tuphylococcus pyogenes aureus, the bacilli of diph- 

 theria and typhoid fever, and pathogenic bacteria. 



It appears that the number of bacteria in any given mass exposed to the sun- 

 light has no effect upon the length of time during which they live. Differ- 

 ences in resisting power, however, are observed among the different bacteria in 

 a mass of infectious material. From the author's experiments it would appear 

 that the resisting power of pathogenic bacteria toward sunlight increases with 

 the age of the bacteria. 



Pathogenic micro-organisms show a greater resisting power toward sunlight 

 in the presence of abundant nutriment than when the nutriment is withheld. All 

 of the rays of the spectrum, including the visible and invisible rays, exercise a 

 bactericidal influence, but the maximum effect is shown .by the invisible rays, 

 both at the ultraviolet and ultrared end of the spectrum. The prevailing tem- 

 perature is also an important factor in determining the effect of sunlight upon 

 bacteria. At an optimum temperature for the growth of bacteria, the rays of 

 the sun exercise the greatest bactericidal effect. 



Intestinal resorption of antitoxins, V. II. Komek {Sitzber. Gesell. Gesam. 

 Natui'ir. 2J(trhurg, 1906, Ao. 5, pp. 51-60). — In this paper a report is given on 

 experiments during which (piantitative determinations were made of the anti- 

 toxin in the milk of cows which had been treated with tetanus antitoxin. The 

 amount of antitoxin in the blood of calves which sucked these cows was also 

 determined. The cows received an antitoxic serum obtained from horses and 

 this serum was secreted in the milk, being also found later in the blood of the 

 calves. In this passage, however, it undergoes a modification, becoming a 

 bovine antitoxin in the place of the equine antitoxin which the cows received. 



Government examination of curative sera, R. Otto {Ai'b. K. Inst. Expt. 

 Titer. Frankfurt, 1906, Ao. 2, pp. 86. figs. S). — An account is given of the com- 

 mercial manufacture of antitoxic and antibacterial sera together with historical 

 notes on the development of a method for the government control of these 

 products. The present report contains a detailed discussion of the routine 

 method by which commercial concerns obtain permission to sell their sera under 

 government inspection and also of the methods adopted for this examination. 



The official inspector of sera in Germany takes note of their harudessness and 

 of their power. In order to be considered harmless, sera nmst be shown to be 

 clear, free from gross precipitates, bacterial contamination, and toxins. Special 

 attention is devoted to the examination and control of diphtheria and tetanus 

 toxins and of the antibacterial sera used for the control of swine erysipelas, 

 swine plague, hog cholera, fowl cholera, and also of tuberculin. 



Annual report of the chief State veterinarian, L. Van Es (Ann. Rpt. State 

 Vet. A. Dak., 1906. pp. 66, pi. 1). — Copies are given of the detailed reports by the 

 various district veterinarians throughout the State regarding the health of 

 animals in their localities. Brief notes are also given on the prevalence of 



