VETEPtTiJAlRY MEDICINE. 79 



Scabies in sheep, horses, and c-atth'. Sclvrostoiinmi itnimtuin. lilackles, rabies, 

 glanders, and tulierculosis. 



liei'onnnendations are made regardinj^ metliods of stable disinfection. A copy 

 is given of North Dakota laws relating to tlie control of animal diseases. 



Annual report of the veterinary institute, 1906, .J. Vennerholm {Arsher. 

 Yd. Inst. [Stockholm], 19QG, pp. lO.J). — A brief account is given of the vet- 

 erinary staff of the institute and notes are presented on the occurrence of the 

 more important infectious and other diseases during the year 19CH). The preva- 

 lence of various diseases is shown in a series of tables. 



A comparative study of tubercle bacilli from varied sources, .J. R. 

 MoHLEb and H. J. Washbirn (f'. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Aiiini. Indus. Bui. 96, pp. 

 88, pis. 6). — The investigations reported in this bulletin were undertaken for the 

 purpose of repeating the experiments of Smith and Koch regarding the morpho- 

 logical differentiation of different forms of tubercle bacilli. The literature relat- 

 ing to the subject is critically reviewed. The tubercle bacilli used in the experi- 

 ments were obtained from cattle, sheep, swine, and man. Pure cultures were 

 made on different media and the morphological characters of the different cul- 

 tures carefnlly noted. Inoculation exjieriments were also made on laboratory 

 animals inehiding rabbits, mice, cats, and dogs, and on goats, sheep, and cattle. 



In these experiments it appeared that while the growth, morphology, and 

 pathogenesis of both the human and bovine tubercle bacilli are tolerably constant 

 nevertheless differences appear which make it practically impossible to deter- 

 mine the origin of the bacilli from a consideration of the morphology alone. 

 Similarly with the virulence of tubercle bacilli a wide range of variation was 

 observed in cultures obtained l)Oth from bovine and human sources. A small pro- 

 portion of the bacilli obtained from man are highly pathogenic and some of those 

 obtained from cattle and other domestic animals are of very low virulence. The 

 authors found that there is no chiiracter possessed by any of the t.vpes of tubercle 

 bacilli in one host that may not occasionally be found in another host. In some 

 cases, human tubercle bacilli corresponded strictly to the type of the bacillus in 

 all respects except their very high virulence. It is believed, therefore, that 

 additional evidence has been obtained justifying the enfoi-cement of sanitary 

 measui'es against the use of milk and meat of tuberculous animals. 



The spread of tuberculosis through, factory skim milk with suggestions 

 as to its control, II. L. Russell (Wiscoiisiit Sta. Bui. i.JJ, pp. ,j,s', pi. 1, fig. 1).— 

 Attention is called to two common methods of infection of dairy herds, viz., by 

 buying tuberculous cattle and by using tuberculous skim milk in feeding calves. 



The tuberculin test was applied on a large scale among the cows which fur-' 

 nished the milk for 3 creameries. In making this test it was soon found that 

 many of the mature animals brought in from outside sources were healthy, while 

 the young stock raised on the farms reacted in a large percentage of cases. In 

 the two localities which furnished milk for two of the creameries 1,213 cattle 

 v.-ere tested with the result that 374, or about 30 per cent, reacted. Nearly all of 

 the cattle which reacted were raised on the farm and infection doubtless took 

 jtlace through the skim milk which the calves drank. In another locality where 

 the skim milk was apparently not infected with tuberculosis, at least to the 

 same extent, only 8 per cent of the dairy cattle were found to be tuberculous. 



Tuberculosis was also observed in hogs and poultry fed on skim milk products. 

 In eliminating this important source of tuberculosis all that is required is the 

 jiasteurization of all skim milk. This can best be done by live steam and a 

 HHinired temperature of 170° F. is suggested. It is believed that the pastenriza- 

 tion of skim milk should not be left as a voluntary matter, but should be made 

 compulsory by law. 



