RURAL ENGINEERING. 



( 



tests tlio lowest eonsuniiitioii is with :i rotary puiiip. 0.-~ jial., aiul the next 

 lowest is with a centrifugal pinni). O.liO gal. Here, as in C'alifornia, the most 

 notahle feature is the wide variation with plants of the same type, the highest 

 consumption with centrifugal pumps being 12.5 times the lowest. 



The average fuel consumption by the plants tested in Louisiana is lower than 

 the average of the California plants, the steam-driven centrifugal plants in 

 California showing an average consumption of 1.74 gal. per useful water 

 hitrsepower. 



The author Interprets his results by assuming plants of different types and 

 iiguriug tirst cost and operating expenses, using the resvdts of his tests. The 

 results are also used in making a diagram showing the cost of fuel and the 

 total cost of irrigation per acre under varying conditions. 



Drainage conditions of Wisconsin, A. R. Whitson and E. U. Jones {Wiscon- 

 i<in Sta. Bill. 1^6, pp. -}7, fi<js. l.j, map 1). — This bulletin describes briefly the 

 soils of Wisconsin and discusses the fertility and drainage of the marsh and 

 clay lands of the State on the basis of greenhouse and field experiments made 

 en typical soils of each class. 



The marsh lands are classified in two groups with regard to fertility and 

 drainage conditions: "First, those of the sandstone and granitic regions, in 

 The central and northern portions of the State; and, second, those of the 

 glaciated limestone region of the eastern and southeastern portions." • i 



The clay soils are divided into six groups: (1) Last glacial clay on lime- 

 stone, (2) red-clay area, (3) old glacial clay on crystalline rocks, (-i) last 

 glacial clay on crystalline rock, (5) old glacial clay on limestone and sand- 

 stone, and (6) residual clay limestone. 



The marsh soils " must be drained in order to be brought under cultivation 

 and their reclamation tlierefore adds to the total amount of land under cul- 

 livation. There is, however, a hirge part of the upland clay soils, already 

 under cultivation, with a surface and under drainage which is so poor that 

 they would be greatly benefited by tile drainage." 



lender present conditions as to value of land and crops and price of labor, 

 the authors conclude tliat : 



" Reclamation by drainage will make 2,000,000 acres of peat and muck lands 

 in tlie central and northern part of tlie State fairly productive lands. 



" Drainage of the marsh lands in tlie southeastern part of tlie State will 

 make nearly two-thirds of a million acres as valuable as any class of lands in 

 the State. 



" The amount of clay lands needing tile drainage and the total benefits 

 derived from such drainage are nearly twice as great as in the case of marsh 

 lands. 



"A fair estimate of the amount of land needing drainage, of the cost, and of 

 the benefits above cost is given in the following table: 



'■.lfrc«</r of poorhj (Jniiiicd laiid of riich type. togctJier irith cost and profit of 



drainayc. 



Kind of soil. 



Number of Cost of 

 acres. drainage. 



I'cat and muck on sand and granitic area . 



Muck and peat on limestone area 



Clay of last glaciation on limestone 



Ked clay of Superior and Green Bay region 



( >ld glacial clay on granitic area 



Uist glacial clay on granitic area 



Old glacial clay on limestone 



Residual clay on limestone 



Total 



9535— No. 1—01 



•2, 000, 000 



610, 000 



1,500,000 



1,300,000 



1 , 000, 000 



600,000 



60, 000 



300, 000 



7, 360, 000 



SIO, 000, 000 



18, 300, 000 



11,2.50,000 



9, 7.50, 000 



11,2.50,000 



3, 600, 000 



350, 000 



2, 250, 000 



66,750,000 



Profit above 

 cost. 



S20, 000, 000 

 24,000,000 

 30, 000, 000 

 13,000,000 

 15, 000, 000 

 6, 000, 000 

 1,000,000 

 5, 000, 000 



lU, 000, 000 



