ECONOMR' ZOOLOGY — -ENTOMOLOGY. 159 



in which the water-cress is grown with a trough running through the central 

 lowest point at such a grade that the water can be drained off at will. The 

 sowbugs follow the receding water, and when they are all in the trough they 

 may be destroyed by the liberal use of sulphate of copper. It is possible that 

 carp and other fish may also be of service in destroying this ytest. 



The water-cress leaf beetle {Flurdoii (mifjinosa) was reported as injuring 

 water-cress in Pennsylvania in 11)03. The beetle is described in its various 

 stages and notes are given on its Jife history. Some benefit is derived by the 

 application of I'aris green to infested water-cress, but this should not be done 

 later than 1 week l)efore the cress is picked. Better results are reported from 

 grinving water-cress in running water which carries the beetles away. 



Biological notes on the Colorado potato beetle, with technical descrip- 

 tion of its stages, A. A. (Jirault and A. II. Hosenfeld (PkijcJic. / '/ (1907), 

 Xo. S. pp. .i')-'>7). — Oitportunity was had to study the various stages in the life 

 history of the Colorado jjotato beetle at Myrtle, Georgia. The insect is 

 described in all its stages and notes are given on the duration of these stages 

 and the external appearance of the insect as observed in the Southern States. 



The Colorado potato beetle, F. H. Chittenden (U. «s'. Dcpt. A(/r.. Bur. Ent. 

 Cite. 87, pp. 15, figs. 6). — In the gradual spread of this insect its attacks upon 

 liotatoes become so severe in localities where it is little known that informa- 

 tion regarding its life history and methods of combating it seems to be required. 

 The beetle is believed to have originated in Colorado and after having traveled 

 to the Atlantic Coast has been spreading northward and southward, although 

 climatic conditions are not always favorable. Its spread eastward was more 

 rapid than its present extension southward. It has not been able to cross the 

 Rocky ^lountains. 



Notes are given on its habits, life history, food plants, and natural enemies. 

 The methods of control suggested by the author include jarring, brushing, fall 

 plowing, the eradication of wild weeds upon which the beetles feed, and the 

 use of arsenicals, including Paris green applied dry or in water or Bordeaux 

 mixture, arsenate of lead, and other arsenicals. Preference is given to arsenate 

 of lead. 



Combating grapevine flea beetle, Fonzes-Diacon (Prog. Agr. ct Vit. (Ed. 

 VEnt), 28 (1907), No. 20, pp. ,')82-o8.j) . — A formula has been proposed for the 

 preparation. of an insecticide to destroy grapevine flea beetles, which calls for' 

 500 gm. anhydrous arsenate of soda and 225 gm. of lime per 100 liters of 

 water. The author calls attention to the fact that the insecticide resulting from 

 the chemical action of these constituents varies considerably in composition 

 and that some arsenate of soda may remain unchanged, although it has been 

 claimed that the effective element of the insecticide was the arsenate of lime. 



Insects affecting fruit trees, C. J. S. Bethune (Ontario Dcpt. Agr. Bui. l.')S, 

 I'P. .i(j, pgx. .'i). — A popular presentation is made of the important facts relat- 

 ing to insect pests of the apple, pear, plum, cherry, peach, and gi-ape. Formulas 

 are also given for the preparation of lime-suli)hur wash, kerosene emulsion. 

 Paris green and Bordeaux mixture, and other insecticides. 



Xyleborus xylographus as an orchard pest, O. E. Bremneb (Caiiad. Ent., 

 39 (1907), No. 6, pp. 195, 196). — This species of ambrosia beetle is commonly 

 reported as attacking only those ti'ees which are already dead or dying as a 

 result of some disease or insect injury. The author observed primary attacks 

 of the pest, however, upon healthy peach and i)lum trees. Galleries containing 

 the insect in all stages of development were found from early spring until fall. 

 Apparently the beetles enter 'the tree from the north and east sides and ordi- 

 narily not more than ft. from the ground. 



