Vetektnahy medicine. l8l 



Second interim report of the royal coniniission appointed to inquire into 

 the relations of human and animal tuberculosis, X. Foster et al. {LomJini: 

 Rnij. Colli. 1'iihrn-ulosis, 1901. lit. 1. /ij). il>i : iib.<t. in Join: Roij. Jiixt. J'lib. Hcaltli, 

 J") (liWJ). Xo. 3. pp. J6S-m). — The voynl coiiunission was directed by the Kinj^ 

 of Pviifilimd to investigate and rejxjrt on wbetlier tuberculosis in animals and 

 man is one and the same disease, wl\ether it may l>e I'eciprocally transmitted, 

 and under what conditions, if at all, such intertransmission occurs. 



In the course of the investijiations outlined in this i-ei)ort, which includes also 

 a sunmiary of previous investigations by the connnission, tuberculous material 

 has lieen used from 80 cases in cattle .-md ('>(> in man. The material thus 

 obtained was employed in the form of emiUsions or pure cultures in feeding 

 experiments and by subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramammary inoculation. 

 Both the bovine and human tuberculous material was tested on cattle and 

 various other animals including guiiie;i jiigs. raltbits, rats, cats, dogs, goats, 

 ])igs, and monkeys. 



I'articidar attention is given to the morphological and cultural variations 

 observed in the tubercle bacilli as obtained from different sources. All of the 

 details of these experiments of interest to investigators are given in an apjien- 

 dix to the repox't. The general result of the investigations thus far carried out 

 indicate that "there can be no doubt but that in a certain number of cases the 

 tuberculosis occurring in the Inunan subject, esjiecially in children, is the direct 

 result of the introduction into the human body of the bacillus of bovine tuber- 

 culosis; and thei'e also can be no doubt that in the ma.jorit.v at least of these 

 cases the bacillus is introduced through cow's milk. Cow's milk containing 

 bovine tubercle bacilli is clearly a cause of tuberculosis and of fatal tuberculosis 

 in man." In fact, in 14 out of the (iO cases of tuI)erculosis in man. the tubercle 

 bacillus proved to be of the bovine type. 



Human and bovine tuberculosis, with special reference to treatment by 

 special kinds of tuberculin, N. ItAw [Tiiherciihixis. il (19ii7). A'o. ,'/, pp. 198- 

 205). — The author adheres to his view set forth in 1008 that human and bovine 

 bacilli are two distinct types of a common species. This view has received con- 

 firmation, in the author's opinion, during the observation of 4,000 cases of 

 pulmonar.v tuberculosis in man and a study of the origin of these cases. 



It is maintained that tubercle bacilli of the human type produce pulmonary 

 phthisis and ulceration of the intestines and abdominal glands, while bacilli of 

 the bovine type produce tubercular peritonitis, tubercular meningitis, tuber- 

 culosis of the lymphatic glands, bones, and joints, and probabl.v lupus. Acute 

 miliar.v tuberculosis is also believed to be of bovine origin. The author holds 

 that man is susceptible to both types of the bacilli and that bovine tuberculosis 

 is frequently transmitted to man in infected food and b.v contagion. It is also 

 held that the two forms of tuberculosis are somewhat antagonistic to each other 

 so that a mild attack of one offers protection against the other. It has been 

 found that tuberculin from man has a marked curative effect in l)()vine lesions 

 and vice versa. 



The danger from tubercle bacilli in the environment of tuberculous cattle, 

 E. ('. ScHKOEDER and W. K. Cotton ( I . S. Dcpt. Agr., Bur. Aniin. Jiidiix. Bui. 99, 

 pp. 2.'i). — The investigations reported in this paper were undertaken for the 

 purpose of determining the extent to which tuberculous cattle may distribute 

 tubercle bacilli in their milk, feces, or by other means. It was found that 

 tubercle bacilli are readily disseminated in the feces. In fact the feces are 

 considered the most dangenms factor in the spread of tuberculosis. Tubercle 

 bacilli are present in the feces not only of cattle showing clinical symi)toms of 

 Tuiterculosis but also of cattle so slightly affected that the tuberculin test is 

 rcijuired for diagnosis of the disease. 



