NOTES. 199 



moved. Agglutiuatiou takes place at a iiiiich higher dilution than precipitation, 

 and the method should properly be called a pi'ecipitation test, as it is not abso- 

 lutely reliable unless precipitation takes place. The presence of mallein in- 

 (r eases the amount of ]irecipitin in the blood. 



The general features of tumors were discussed by A. T. Kinsley and classified 

 as to variations in structure, tissue, elements, size, form, and degeneration 

 processes. 



M. H. Reynolds read a paper on stable practices as affecting milk, mentioning- 

 a large number of outbreaks of typhoid fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, and 

 mfantile diseases due to the milk supply. An outline was given of the results 

 obtaiuetl at the experiment stations in the study of milk pollution from improper 

 dairy practices. The municipal regulation of milk should include the estab- 

 lishment of standards of fat content, the exclusion of foreign material from 

 milk, and the pasteurization of contaminated milk. It was urged that certified 

 milk should not c-ontain more than lO.fKK) bacteria per cubic centimeter, and that 

 the dairyman's license should depend, more than is at present the case, on lab- 

 oratoiy tests. 



Municipal milk regulation in the South was discussed by C. A. Cary. Milk 

 insi>ection is largely done there by gr.-iduates of agricultural colleges rather than 

 veterinarians. It was urged that milk inspectors should be more familiar with 

 jiractical dairying, as without this knowledge laboratory tests of inspectors are 

 of little value. Tuberculosis is not greatly prevalent in the South, but many 

 kinds of abnormal milk are observed. Injections of boric acid in the udder 

 greatly reduce the number of leucocytes and streptococci in milk. In some cases 

 it was found possible to obtain milk strictly free from bacteria and leucocytes. 



G. A. Johnson di.scussed the I'elation of ventilation and disease. Strangles, 

 tuberculosis, and various other diseases spread most rapidlj- in l>adly ventilated, 

 stables. Poor air predisi>oses animals to disease and the endurance of horses 

 is lowered in close confinement. Artificial heat in stables was not considered 

 necessary. 



A. D. Melvin presented suggestions for work in the eradication of tubercu- 

 losis, which he declared to be steadily increasing in extent. If the loss from 

 tuberculosis were made to fall on the owner of the diseased, stock the disease 

 would be more ]iromptly eradicated. All cattle shipped for slaughter should 

 be tagged to show their origin. Much worthless tulierculin has been used, but 

 this product is now inspected by the Bureau of Animal Industry and when prop- 

 erly made is reliable. 



Tuberculosis in swine, according to J. R. Mohler, is rapidly increasing and 

 (ausis a greater loss than hog cholera. About 1.5 per cent of hogs shipped to 

 slaughterhouses are affectefl with the disease and in Europe the percentage is 

 often higher. In hogs the disease is generally acquired by ingestion, especially of 

 raw milk and dairy by-products and the fec-es of tuberculous cattle. Hogs 

 which do not follow cattle in the field and do not recei\c' dairy by-products are 

 only slightly affected. The disease is on the decline in Wisconsin on arcount 

 of the general pasteurization of dairy by-products in the State. In experisiients, 

 feeding hogs tuberculous milk for three days produced a general infection, and 

 KMt jier cent of the hogs became infected after eating such milk for thirty days. 

 Hogs are susceptible to human tuberculosis and may be infected from the 

 offal about slaughterhouses. The cervical glands are most frequently affected, 

 the disease resembling infantile tuberculosis rather than the bovine form. The 

 desirability of cooperation betwen the Bureau of Animal Industry- and State 

 sanitary authorities in the eradication of the disease was pointed out. 



W. L. Williams gave detailed clinical notes on twenty-two cases of roaring 

 treated by surgical operation. Two of these were ruiaed by the operation. 



