VETERINARY MEDICINE. 277 



bottling or putting in cans, carbonating if desired, and sterilizing by heating at 

 about 70° C. for one-half hour. The composition of the juice was not appre- 

 ciably affected by the i)r(icess. 



Studies on apple juice, H. C. Gore (Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc, 29 {1901), 

 A'o. 7, /»/). 1112-1119). — Chemical work carried on in connection with the above 

 investigations is here reported. Analyses are given of (1) juices of cull apples, 

 (2) juii'es from tlie cider mill at various times during the season, (3) juices of 

 several standard varieties of apples grown in Nebraska, (4) fresh and fermented 

 juices of summer apples, and (5) juices of decaying apples. 



VETERINAEY MEDICINE. 



Handbook of forensic veterinary science, B. Malkmus (Handhtich der 

 Gerichtliclicn Ticrheilkunde. Hannover: M. tC- H. Schapcr, 1906, pp. XV-{- 

 l)S7). — This constitutes a comprehensive treatise on the legal position and duties 

 of the veterinarian as based upon German laws. The subjects discussed in the 

 volume include guarantees, deceit, excessive charges, and other illegal dealings 

 in connection with the sale or transfer of domestic animals. 



The chief and secondary defects of domestic animals from a legal standpoint 

 ai'e defined and notes are given on the pathological conditions which determine 

 these defects. 



Veterinary science in its relation to agriculture, L. J. Blenkinsop {Trans- 

 vaal Afjr. Join:, J (1901), No. 19, pp. 599-603). — The author briefly refers to the 

 great losses caused by animal diseases in various parts of the world in coimec- 

 tion with a statement of the economic importance of veterinary science in the 

 further advancement of agriculture. 



A new feeding method and its relation to veterinary science, J. J. West- 

 BROEK (Tijdschr. Vceartsenljk., S'l (1901), No. 8, pp. J/85-516). — According to 

 the author the common belief in the necessity of salt in the diet for domestic 

 animals is not well founded. It is argued that the addition of salt to the ration 

 causes more or less serious disturbances in the normal osmotic processes, at 

 times greatly changing the composition of the tissues and fluids of the animal 

 body. Tables are presented showing the striking modifications which common 

 salt may produce in the amount of potash, sodium, magnesium, lime, and other 

 minerals in the flesh of hogs and cattle. 



The author claims that common salt, when added to the ration, gradually 

 replaces the salts which should be present in animal tissues and causes patho- 

 logical conditions. 



A consideration of some of the modern theories in relation to immunity, 

 P. C. Freer (Philippine Jour. Sci., 2 (1901), No. 2, pp. 11-81). — A critical review 

 is given of the various theories which have been proposed in explaining 

 immunity, particularly from a chemical standpoint. 



The mechanism of nonbactericidal immunity, E. Weil (Arch. Hyg., 61 

 (1907), No. Jf, pp. 293-323). — If the complement is removed from the body cavity 

 of guinea pigs by precipitation, the immune serum of fowl cholera becomes 

 inactive and the course of infection in the absence of the complement is nuich 

 more rapid than is the case in normal animals. The function of the complement 

 can api)arently be performed by leucocytes if such be present. The author was 

 unable to demonstrate tiny combination of imminie serum with fowl cholei'a 

 bacilli in the animal I)ody. It was also impossible to determine the action of the 

 immune serum upon the leucocyte. The author maintains that since the com- 

 plement, which is so important an agent in immunity, does not exercise a 

 bactericidal fuuctioii it must possess some other function. 



