308 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



creatiniu in a urine that is alkaline. Whatever the cause of the conversion of 

 creatinin to creatin. in any determination of either of these compounds, a factor 

 which must never be left out of consideration is that of the influence of bac- 

 teria. Consequently emphasis can not be too strongly laid upon the importanc-e 

 of making determinations of creatin and creatinin in urine as soon as ix)ssible 

 after it has been voided. A preservative may delay action, but accuracy 

 demands immetliate analysis. 



" Chloroform is unsatisfactory as ;'. preservative, and even the use of thymol- 

 chloroform does not insure the absence of the conversion of creatinin to creatin. 

 or indeed the loss of creatinin. althouiih all the samples of urine c-onstantly 

 gave an acid reaction." 



Methods for the determination of creatin and creatinin in meats and their 

 products, H. S. Gri.ndlex and H. S. Woods (Chem. Xeics, 9o {1901). .Vo. 2.J70, 

 lilj. 1 'i 0-1)1) . — The data reported have been noted from another publication 

 (E. S. R., 18, p. 812). 



The identification of soap in zwieback, F. Schwabz and L. Habtwig (Ztstchr. 

 riiterstirh. yuhi: ii. Gcniis-^iuV... 1-i [1'.J'>1). \o. 10 pp. '>93-59S\. — As zwieback 

 extract containing .soap is sometimes used in the manufacture of adulterated 

 zwieback, the authors studied the possibilities of determining small amounts 

 of soap in such goods. 



Small quantities of unsaponified soap, they conclude, may be best extracted 

 by means of absolute alcohol. If dilute alc-ohol is used, bread acids are also 

 removed which saponify the soap. The small amount of soap used in zwieback 

 manufacture is in general broken down into alkali and free acid by fermenta- 

 tion or baking processes and is not recognizable as soap in the zwieback. Goods 

 made with extract containing soap show more alkali in the ash and more free 

 acids soluble in alcohol and ether than ordinary zwieback. Of course the use 

 of zwieback extract which contained potash or butter of high acid content 

 would also affect these factors. 



Identification of sodium benzoate or phosphate in the ash of chopped meat, 

 A. BiTi'THiEX (Phanii. CeiiiralJiaUc, .J.9 (1901), p. 122; abs. in Ztschr. Inter- 

 such. Xahr. u. Genussmtl. 13 (1901). .Vo. 10. p. 648). — Although the sodium 

 c-ontent of the a.sh was increased, the author believes that the natural varia- 

 tions are so great that the determination of this value will not serve for the 

 detection of added sodium l>enzoate or phosphate. 



Beply to criticisms of dry lead defecation in raw sugar analysis, W. D. 

 HoBXE (Jour. Arner. Chem. Sor.. 29 (lfi01\. .Vo. 6. pp. 026-929 \ . — .\ controver- 

 sial article. 



The use of cryoscopy in judging of spices and other drugs, E. Beckm-\>'N 

 (Arch. Pharm., 2.}.5 (1901), Xo. 3, pp. 211-23',. figs. fJj.— According to the exper- 

 imental data summarized, cryoscopic methods may be of importance in judging 

 of the quality of spices and other drugs. The data summarized also discuss the 

 use of such methods in the estimation of fat in milk, cheese, and other foods. 



The rapid estimation of total solids in milk, C Revis ( Anal y at, 32 (1901). 

 .Vo. 377, pp. 28.'f. 28.5). — One cc. of acetone is added to 2.0 gm. of milk in a flat 

 porcelain dish which is placed on a water bath for 12 minutes and in a water 

 oven for 2 hours. 



The estimation of salicylic acid in milk and cream, C. Revis and G. A. 

 Payne (Analyst, 32 (1901), Xo. 311, pp. 286-288).— The milk or cream is neu- 

 tralized with sodium hydroxid and treated with hot alcohol. The filtrate from 

 this is diluted with water and rendered distinctly alkaline. After a portion is 

 distilled off. the residue is treated with potassio-mercuric iodid solution, filtered, 

 and the filtrate extracted with ether. The ethereal extract is treated with 



