FORESTRY. 343 



trunk' grew niiinerons small twigs were imprisoned. Where these twigs were 

 alive they were siirronntled by the wood, and where they were dead they were 

 inore closely united with the trunk. 



Determination of the germination of seeds of forest trees, G. Schotte 

 [Sh-ogsnhdsfui: Tidshr., 5 (1907), No. -'/-J, pp. l'il-lo5). — An account is given 

 of e-xperimeuts with the Rodewald-Cieslar germination apparatus and other 

 methods of determining the germination of seeds of forest trees, with accounts 

 of the work in this line done by other foresters. The best method for deter- 

 mining the gei'minatiou of these seeds, in the author's opinion, is the one that 

 will cause all viable normal seeds in the sample to germinate in the shortest 

 possible time. — f. w. woll. 



Annual progress report of forest administration in the -wrestern and 

 eastern circles of the United Provinces for the forest year 1905-6, L. 

 Mercer and II. Jackson (Ann. Rpt. Forest Admin. West, and East. Circles 

 [India], 1005-6, pp. l-'/S). — In this report the usual statements are given in 

 regard t<i the constitution of State forests, the management, protection, sylvi- 

 culture, exploitation, financial results, and administration for each of these 

 regions, with tabulated annual statements in regard to the various phases of 

 the work, including forest areas, surveys, receipts, disbursements, etc. 



On fire stations in the Norrland forests, O. II. Humble (Skopsrdrdsfdr. 

 Tidskr.. J (1907), No. .'/-5, pp. 158-171). — The author recommends the establish- 

 ment of a system of fire towers in forest districts for the ready discovery and 

 extinction of forest fli'es. These may be located at points some 30 miles apart 

 and connected with one another by means of a telephone system. The initial 

 expenses are estimated for Jamtland County, Sweden, as follows: 2,000 krouor 

 ($530) per tower, with 19 miles telephone connections, exclusive of poles, or 

 2,500 kronor (.$(i70) with 33 miles telephone connections. The annual expenses 

 connected with the maintenance of a system of 20 stations, including the pay 

 of a watchman at each tower for 100 days would amount to 10,000 kronor 

 ($2,080). This number of stations would serve to protect 2,873,513 hectares of 

 forest at an expense of 35 oere (0.4 cts. ) per 100 hectares per year. — f. w. woll. 



The main features of the Norrland forest management, P. O. Welander 

 (HL-of/svdrd.sfor. Tidsla:, 5 (1907), No. .1. pp. 139-1J,9).~¥. w. woll. 



Instructions for examinations. Agricultural settlement. (Act of June 

 11, 1906) (r. »S'. Dcpf. Agr., Forest fierr. [Pamphlet], 1907, Jiili/ 1, pp. 12).— 

 The act of June 11, 1900, provides for the entry of agricultural lands in forest 

 reserves. This pamphlet gives directions as to the examination by officials of 

 the Forest Service of lands so entered, and the keeping of records relating 

 thereto. 



Practical advice for making plantations in Algeria, E. Le Men (Bui. Off. 

 Gouvt. G6n. Alg^rie, 1907, l^up. 8, pp. 91-115). — This pamphlet was prepared for 

 the encouragement of various forms of tree plantings in Algeria, and includes 

 pojjular directions for the selection of soil, and planting, cultivating, priming, 

 grafting of trees, including their use along avenues, highways, and irrigation 

 canals, in the creation of wooded areas, and olive plantations. 



On the loss in weight of drying logs and firewood, W. Ekman (Skogs- 

 rnrdsfor. Tidskr., 5 (1907), No. li-5, pp. 129-l.'i0). — Determinations were made 

 of the percentage decrease in weight of spruce, pine, and birch logs during the 

 first '.'> years after cutting both with the bark on and half or entirely barked. 

 The losses ranged from 10 per cent (unbarked pine) to 45 per cent (barked 

 spruce) for trees cut before Jiuie 1. The same percentage losses were obtained 

 about July 1, whether the trees were cut early in the year or by June 1. Losses 

 in tin; weight of fuel wood are also reported, as well as for whole trees with 

 their branches on, — f. w. woll. 



