348 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



ance has been asked to save them from the destructive effect of this fiingiis. 

 As a result observations have been made on the life history of the rust, and 

 spraying experiments are in progress. 



In 1006 it appears that the first cluster-cups on the apple matured about the 

 first of July, but at this date only a few were open and these were mostly on 

 fruit where two or more apples were in contact. A few days later young cedar 

 apples as large as radish seeds were abundant on the cedars. Observations 

 made at other points showed the almost simultaneous occurrence of the fungus 

 on the apple and the cedar. Small cetlar trees were inclosed in glass houses 

 so ventilated as to prevent infection from the outside, but cedar apples developed 

 upon them early in July. 



Concerning these observations the author offers two explanations, either that 

 the fungus is perennial or the recidial spores of one season produce the cedar 

 apples which appear in June of the next year and reach their maturity in the 

 autumn. There appears to be some evidence of the perennial character of the 

 mycelium, but the second explanation is at present believed more probable. If 

 this is true, the cedar is probably infected in summer and autumn, but no evi- 

 dence of the resulting cedar apples can be noted until the next season's growth. 

 It would then require two years for a cedar apple to develop. Further observa- 

 tions are Ijeing carried on to substantiate this view. 



The relationship of Phyllosticta solitaria to the fruit blotch of apples, J. L. 

 Sheldon (Science. ». ser., 26 [1907). So. 658, pp. ISS-lSo). — The fruit blotch 

 of apples has been previously referred to an undetermined species of Phyllosticta 

 (E. S. R., 13, p. 1059; 18, p. 1062), and the author reports having observed the 

 fungus on the wild crab apple as well as on cultivated apples. A study of the 

 material showed that the parasite in both cases was the same, and it was deter- 

 mined that the blotch disease of apples is caused by P. solitaria, a fungus 

 occurring either on the leaves, fruits, or branches of the wild crab and culti- 

 vated apple. , 



Control of bitter rot of apples, J. C. Blair (Illinois St a. Circ. 112, pp. 13). — 

 This circular consists of a summary of results of the work carried on at the 

 station, the details of which are to be published in a forthcoming bulletin. The 

 principal results obtained indicate that the disease can be successfully controlled 

 by the application of standard Bordeaux mixture, the sprayings to be made so 

 that the fruit will be well covered with the fungicide. Spraying the dormant 

 trees with copper sulphate solutions or other strong washes is said to be in- 

 effective in controlling the bitter rot. The application of salt on the ground 

 about trees was found to be without any value. 



Experiments with black spot of apple, D. McAlpine (Jour. Dept. Agr. Vic- 

 toria. 5 (1907). Xo. 6, pp. 362, 363). — On account of the claims made that a 

 number of proprietary sheep dips have important fungicidal value, the author 

 carried on in 1905-6 and 1906-7 a series of spraying experiments to compare 

 their efficiency with Bordeaux mixture and soda Bordeaux mixture in controlling 

 black spot of apples. From the experiments it is conclusively shown that sheep 

 dips, phenyl, and similar preparations are not to be compared with Bordeaux 

 mixture or copper soda mixture as a treatment for black spot. 



Some new parasites of cacao, L. Lutz (BiiL Soc. Bot. France, 53 (1906), 

 pp. XLVIII-LII, figs. 2). — Descriptions are given of 3 parasites that have been 

 recently recognized as occurring on the pods and seeds of cacao. The species 

 described are Macrosporium verrucosum n. sp., Sterigmatocystls luteo-nigra 

 n. sp., and Fiisarinni tlieohromw n. sp. 



Concerning thrombosis of currants and gooseberries, R. Aderhold (Mitt. 

 K. Biol. Anst. Land u. Forstic, 1901, Xo. ^. pp. 26, 27). — A brief description is 



