ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 855 



recovpr after beinj; reuioved from t-old storage. It is suggested, therefore, tbat 

 the insects in question may he hirgely controlled by the application of low- 

 temperatures. 



White-marked tussock moth and elm.-leaf beetle, E. P. Felt {N. Y. State 

 Mas. Bui. 109, pp. 31, tjls. 8). — These 2 pests are described and notes given on 

 their habits, life history, and natural enemies. The tussock moth may best be 

 combated by collecting the egg masses, banding tree trunks, and spraying with 

 arsenical poisons. The elm-leaf beetle may be controlled by spraying with 

 arseuicals in the spring and by applying contact insecticides to the full grown 

 larva> at the base of the trunk. 



The anatomy and histology of ticks, S. R. Christophers (Sci. Mem. Med. 

 and Satiit. Depts. India, n. ser., 1906, 2Vo. 23, pp. 55, pis. 6). — A detailed account 

 of the anatomy and histology of 2 types of ticks Is given. These types are 

 Rhipkephalus annulatus and OrnitJiodoros savignyi. The literature of the sub- 

 ject is discussed in connection with a brief bibliography. The author also con- 

 siders the agency of ticks in transmitting disea.se, the structure of the eggs of 

 ticks, and the essential points in their embryology. 



Ticks as distributors of disease, W. Donitz (Pflanzer, 3 (1907), A'o. 7, pp. 

 97-108). — Attention is given chiefly to a critical review of the results obtained 

 in a study of cattle ticks of various species particularly in Africa, and also of 

 Argas persicus. 



Note on the occurrence of the North American fever tick on sheep, W. D. 

 Hunter ([/. S. Dept. dgr., Bur. Ent. Circ. 91, pp. 3). — It is reported that 

 J. D. Mitchell has observed fully engorged cattle ticks ou sheep in 3 counties 

 of Texas. It is suggested that in some localities a pasture might remain in- 

 fested indefinitely with no host animals for the ticks except shee[). The 

 wounds produced by the ticks on sheep sometimes become infested with the 

 screw worm and require treatment. It has not been determined whether the 

 offspring of cattle ticks which have developed on sheep can transmit Texas 

 fever. 



A simple plan of eradicating the cattle tick by the pasture rotation 

 method, W. Newell (Crop Pest Com. La. Circ. l-'f, pp. 4). — The plan proposed 

 in this circular is based on the facts that eggs deposited after the beginning of 

 cool weather do not hatch until after the second spring, and that fields culti- 

 vated during the summer are free from ticks after the first of December. It 

 is, therefore, recommended that the farmer provide a tick-free pasture for cattle 

 after they have been freed from ticks during the coming winter, and that care 

 be exercised to prevent the reinfestation of such pastures or of the cattle after 

 they have once been freed from ticks. 



The Leishman-Donovan body in the bedbug, W. S. Patton {Sci. Mem. Med. 

 and Sanit. Dcpta. India, n. scr., 1907, ~S(). 27. pp. 19, pi. 1, chart 1). — In cases 

 of kala-azar the parasites observed in the white blood corpuscles have been sus- 

 pected of being transmitted by lice, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks as well as 

 iH'dbugs. The parasitic bodies may be found in the intestines of Cimcx mac- 

 rocephalus allowed to suck the blood of patients affected with kala-azar. It is 

 possible, therefore, that the disease may be transmitted by the Madras bedbug. 



On the importance of larval characters in the classification of mosquitoes, 

 S. R. Chrlstophers (Sci. Mem. Mrd. and Sanit. Depts. India, n. ser., 1906. No. 

 25, pp. 18, pis. 3). — A system of classification for mosquitoes is proposed upon 

 the basis of larval characters. The author does not claim that the classifica- 

 tion is a rigid one, but maintains that the different genera can be grouped to- 

 gether more satisfactorily according to the larval than the adult characters. 



17305— No. 4—07 5 



