VETERINARY MEDICINE. 379 



by the antboi*. The bacilli appear to exist at- times in the form of granules, 

 which may be regarded as the resting stage of the bacillus. These granules 

 appear lilve cocci, and the single bacillus may become divided into as many as 

 three of them. The granules are highly retractile and appear at first at either 

 end of the bacillus, where they might be mistaken for spores. It is apparent, 

 therefore, that the extent to which bacilli pass through filters depends largely 

 on the degree of granular disintegration of the bacilli. In a too highly diluted 

 scrum they failed to pass through the filters. 



A similar granulation and passage through filters was observed in the case 

 of Staphylococcus aureus. S. albus, the typhoid bacillus, blackleg bacillus, and 

 Bacillus eiiteritidis. 



As a result of these experiments, the author comes to the following conclu- 

 sions : The hog cholera bacillus under certain conditions may pass through 

 unvitrified porcelain filters. Its power of passing through filters depends upon 

 its property of dividing up into granules, which in turn is considered as a natu- 

 ral peculiarity of the hog cholera bacillus. In all cases of true hog cholera. 

 Bacillus suipestifer may be demonstrated, and this is considered as the only 

 cause of the disease. 



The nature of Spirochaeta, G. Marotel (Jour. Med. Vet. et Zootech., 58 

 (1901), May. pp. 20.'i-S(iG. figs. 4). — A list is given of the species of Spirochteta 

 which are known to produce disease in man, chickens, dogs, cattle, sheep, horses, 

 etc. At first no doubt was entertained that these organisms belonged with the 

 bacteria. Later, evidence was presented in favor of grouping them with the 

 jirotozoa. The facts for and against such a classification are presented by the 

 author, who comes to the conclusion that the affinities of Spirochteta have not 

 been definitely determined, but in the case of most species the evidence is rather 

 in favor of their being bacteria. 



Immunity in spirochaete septicemia of fowls and the question of the clas- 

 sification of Spirochseta with protozoa, F. Neufeld and von Prowazek (Arb. 

 K. Gs-ndhtsanit.. 2.1 {1007), lYo. 2, pp. 49.'f-r,0Jf, fig. 1) . — The serum of fowls 

 which have recovered from septicemia due to infection with Spirochreta pos- 

 sesses, in vitro at least, a very strong immunizing effect, but this power varies to 

 a striking extent. The authors' study of the Spirochjeta found in cases of fowl 

 septicemia has led them to the opinion that these organisms are more closely 

 related to the protozoa than to bacteria. 



The treatment of tsetse-fly disease with brilliant-green, Wendelstadt 

 {Sitzbcr. Naturhist. Vcr. Preuss. Rheinlande u. Westfalnis, 1906, I, pt. B, pp. 

 -'/-7). — Previous experiments in the use of trypanrot and other substances for 

 the destruction of the trypanosomes of tsetse-fly disease have shown that these 

 organisms may temporarily disappear in the blood as the result of curative in- 

 jections, but that they subsequently reappear. Similar results were had with 

 brilliant-green. The ti'ypanosomes, even in bad eases of infection in rats, 

 entirely disappeared within 24 to 36 hours after a subcutaneous injection of 

 1 cc. of an aqueous solution of brilliant-green, but within a few days, however, 

 they reappeared. It was found that subsequent injections would cause them to 

 disappear again, but it is not safe to repeat the injections of brilliant-green 

 indefinitely for the reason that it causes necrosis of the tissues. In 1 rat and 

 also in 1 ape a complete cure was brought about. 



Transmission of yaws by ticks, E. E. Moddeb (Jour. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 

 [London], 10 (1907), No. 11, p. 187). — A disease known as yaws has been ob- 

 served by the author in fowls, cattle, and man. Some evidence is presented in 

 favor of the belief that the disease is transmitted by ticks belonging to the 

 species la-odes hovis. 



