VETERINARY MEDICINE. 383 



of virus injected into the animal used for the production of the serum. In one 

 instance a sheep which had received hypoderniically loO rabbit brains furnished 

 a less active serum than another sheep which had received only 81. Quite often 

 rapid and unexplained changes take place in the activity of the serum of ani- 

 mals used for experimental purposes. This matter has not yet received satis- 

 factory explanation. 



Leukemia of the common fowl, A. S. Warthin (Jour. Infect. Diseases, 4 

 {1907), Xo. 3, pi». S69-SS1, pi. 1, figs. 8). — Brief mention is jnade of the cases 

 which have previously been reported of leukemia in domesticated animals. The 

 outbreak studied by JMoore.(E. S. R., 9, p. 890) and referi-ed to under the name 

 infectious leukemia is believed by the author not to be leukemia but a leucocyto- 

 sis due to some bacterial infection. 



The author has had opportunity to study two forms of lymphocytoma which 

 are referred to as aleukemic and leukemic. In the aleukemic form of lymphocy- 

 toma no increase in the number of white cells is observed in the blood vessels. 

 In the leukemic form of the disease the ratio of the red cells to the white in the 

 blood may be less than 2 : 1 and a differential count of the white cells shows that 

 on an average 84.5 per cent are large lymphocytes. In normal hens' blood the 

 proportion of red blood corpuscles to white is 105-22.5 : 1 and only 14 per cent 

 of the white cells are large lymphocytes. The tissue changes which occur in 

 leukemic lymphocytoma consist in tumorous nodules and infiltration of lym- 

 phoid cells in liver, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs. The normal white 

 cells of the blood are replaced by large lymphocytes and a secondary degenera- 

 tion of the organs takes place. 



The action of atoxyl on spirillosis of fowls, C. Levaditi and J. McIntosh 

 {Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris], 62 (1901), No. 21, pp. 1090-1092) .—When 

 atoxyl is mixed with the virus of spirillosis in vitro, it does not exercise a very 

 pronounced effect upon the virus. In living fowls, however, atoxyl causes re- 

 gressive alterations in the spirilla of the disease. The specific effect of atoxyl 

 seems to be an exaggeration of the means normally employed by the organism 

 in self-defense. 



Immunization against fowl cholera with bacterial extracts, E. Weil 

 (Ztsclir. Hiju. a. Infektionskrank., 56 {1901), No. 3, pp. 509-51.)).— Thin article 

 is largely of a controversial nature. The author maintains that the action of 

 aggresslns and bacterial extracts are by no means the same in the case of fowl 

 cholera. 



The value of gaseous disinfectants, L. L. Lewis and Maude English 

 {Oklahoma Sta. Circ. 6. pp. 8). — Experiments were made to determine the dis- 

 infectant power of sulphur dioxid, vaporized carbolic acid, and formaldehyde 

 gas toward anthrax spores, staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, typhoid bacilli, 

 glanders bacilli. Bacillus hoviscpticits, etc. 



Sulphur fumes have the disadvantage of decolorizing fabrics and attacking 

 metals. They can not be depended upon to disinfect in a dry atmosphere. In 

 a moist atmosphere 5 lbs. of sulphur burned in 1,000 cu. ft. of space will kill 

 anthrax bacilli if allowed to act for 4 hours. 



Anthrax spores were not killed by e*ftosure for 6 flours to the fumes of car- 

 bolic acid ((525 cc. being vaporized in 1,000 cu. ft. of space). 



Formaldehyde does not injure fabrics or metals and is most effective. Under 

 ordinary conditions 240 cc. per 1,000 cu. ft. of space will give good results. 

 Notes are given on the use of formaldehyde candles and generators. Formal- 

 dehyde does not penetrate fabrics very vigorously. The room should show a 

 temperature of about 98° F. and a moisture content of 90 jier cent. 



The disinfection of skins infected with anthrax, Xylander {Arh. K. 

 Gsndhtsamt., 25 {1901), No. 2, i)p. Ji51-Jfll).— In the practical destruction of 



