METEOROLOGY — WATER. 415 



f\gs. 2; 203, pp. IV + 100, pis. .',, figs. 2; 20J,, pp. V + 110, pis. 5, figs. 2; 205, pp. 

 123, pis. 3, figs. 2; 206, pp. VI + 08, pis. 3, figs. 2).— These bulletius contaiu 

 reports in the usual form ou the progress of stream measurements iu the 

 Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware River drainages, by H. K. Barrows, 

 N. C. Grover, et al. ; Middle Atlantic States, by N. C. Grover et al. ; Southern 

 Atlajitic and Eastern Gulf States, by M. R. Hall et al. : Ohio and Lower East- 

 ern Mississippi River drainages, by M. R. Hall, N. C. Grover, A. H. Horton, 

 et al. ; and Great Lakes and St. I^awrence River drainages, by H. K. Barrows, 

 A. H. Horton, et al. The methods employed in making the measurements are 

 briefly explained. 



Fresh water, K'. Knauthe (Das Siisstvasscr. XcHdamm, 1907, pp. VII1 + 

 663, figs. 194). — In this volume the author has summarized a large amount of 

 data on water analysis, the relation of water to fish culture, flora and fauna of 

 fresh water, the value of different waters as food for marine life, and water 

 bacteria and ferments. The volume as a whole constitutes a handbook on fresh 

 water with special reference to its utilization for fish culture and related topics. 

 Author and subject indexes are provided. 



The use of ice on the farm, J. A. Ruddick (Canada Dcpl. Agr., li ranch 

 Dairy and Cold Storage Comr. Bui. 20, pp. 8, fig. 1). — "This bulletin is intended 

 to encourage the practice. of providing a supply of ice for the needs of the 

 household and the dairy, and to furnish information to those who may not have 

 had any experience in the storing and handling of ice." 



Water — a hydrolog'ic study, E. A. Martel (L'Eau — I'Jtiidr Ilijdrologiquc. 

 Paris. 1906, pp. 87-200, figs. 22). — This is one part of a general treatise on 

 hygiene, and treats the subject of water mainly from the standpoint of pot- 

 abilitj'. Potable water is defined as that which is clear, fresh, pure chemically 

 and bacteriologically, and may be drunk with pleasure and without danger to 

 health. 



The conditions which render it so difficult, if not practically impossible, to 

 secure water supplies measuring up to this high standard, and the best means 

 of insuring the highest possible quality, are quite fully set forth in the various 

 sections of the article dealing with the circulation of subterranean water and 

 the sources and means (sanitary and legal) of prevention of contamination of 

 water. The sanitation and water supply of Paris receives special attention. 



In judging of the quality of subterranean waters it is considered of prime 

 importance to know whether they are drawn from smaller interstices or from 

 fissures and other large underground channels. The nature and importance 

 of this distinction is explained at some length with numerous illustrations and 

 examples, and the author's classification of subterranean water is based upon it. 



A detailed description of the qualities constituting a good water is given. 



The principles of water purifi.cation, L. M. Wachter (Proc. Ann. Conf. 

 San If. Off. N. Y., 6 (1906), pp. 105-1 12) .—The principles of precipitation, sedi- 

 mentation, and filtration as means of purifying water are briefly explained. 



Direct and indirect methods of electrical purification of water, H. Leff- 

 mann (Jour. Franklin Inst., 16.'f (1907), No. 3, pp. 205-216. figs. 5). — A few of 

 the electrical processes proposed for the removal of mineral impurities or for 

 destroying micro-organisms are described. 



The economical purification of sewage in rural districts, T. A. Starkey 

 (Brit. Med. Jour., 1907, No. 2-'f37, pp. 671-673). — This article discusses espe- 

 cially the disposal of sewage by decomposition in a septic tank and oxidation iu 

 a fllter bed or by irrigation. 



The nature of sewage and its proper disposal, .T. A. Amyot (Proc. Ann. 

 Conf. Snnit. Off. N. Y., 6 (1906), pp. 113-123).— ViwUmi^ sources of pollution of 

 streams are briefly described, and sewage disposal by means of broad irrigation, 



