ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 451 



thus collected as to the iujuriousness of English sparrow, skyhirlv, bhickbird, 

 soug thrush, greeufinch, etc. Ou the other hand, good reports were received 

 regarding lapwing, hedge sparrow, starling, etc. 



It is evident from the New Zealand experience that uo bird should be 

 introduced in a country without a previous careful study of its habits. Tlie 

 author presents iu a tabular form notes on the relative abundance of various 

 native and introduced birds. 



The introduction of top minnows into the Hawaiian Islands, D. L. Van 

 Dine (Hmvan Sta. Press Bui. 20, pp. 10, figs. 3). — In 1904, top minnows 

 belonging to the species Gambiisia affinis, Fiindiilus grandis, and MoUicnesia 

 latipinna were collected in Texas by A. Scale, taken to Hawaii and liberated 

 in ponds. About 75 of each species were introduced. They have multiplied to 

 hundreds of thousands and have been planted in the waters of 5 islands. 

 They thrive best in shallow water at a temperature of 70 to 82° F. The top 

 minnows effectively rid the waters of mosquito larvre and promise to be of 

 great help in the problem of eradicating mosquitoes. 



Report of the entomologist, D. L. Van Dine {Hawaii ^ta. Rpt. 1906, pp. 

 18-32). — Considerable attention has been given to the encouragement of the 

 silk industry in Hawaii. In cooperation with the Bureau of Entomology of 

 this Department eggs of the Ore race of silkworms and other races have been 

 imported and tested. The cocoons obtained in this experiment yielded a satis- 

 factory amount of silk upon reeling, but lost too much in weight upon boiling 

 out. 



Neither European nor American foul brood of bees exists in Hawaii, and 

 some attention is therefore being given to the encouragement of beekeeping. 

 For this purpose an attempt is being made to introduce more desirable races 

 and crosses of bees than the Italian bees which are already present in the 

 islands. 



A report is given on the successful introduction of fish for the destruction of 

 mosquito larva». (See above.) The list of injurious insects of Hawaii is con- 

 tinued, and a list is given of the accessions to the entomological library 

 relating to Hawaiian entomology. 



Report of the entomolog'ist, C O. Houghton {Delaware Sta. Rpts. 190.'/- 

 1906, pp. 77-107). — In controlling the apple-leaf miner fall plowing, spraying in 

 June with a 10 per cent kerosene emulsion, and destruction of the leaves in the 

 fall are recommended. Little benefit was noted from the use of sticky bands in 

 capturing plum curculio. 



Experiments in greenhouse fumigation indicate that white flies and plant lice 

 may be readily controlled at very little expense. Fumigation with hydrocyanic- 

 acid gas should be done at intervals of 4 to 6 weeks. 



As a remedy for mosciuito larvjp, crude petroleum proved better than kerosene, 

 but a proprietary oil i)reparati<)n was e\'en more efficient. A list of the ( -oleop- 

 tera of Delaware is given together with notes on cabbage plutella, cabbage but- 

 terfly, rose leaf beetle, and oyster-shell bark-louse. 



Injurious insects and other animals observed in Ireland during the year 

 1906, G. H. Carpenter (Eeon. Pror. Roy. Dublin »S'oc., / {1907), No. 11, XIX, 

 pp. Jf21-Ji52, pis. 6, figs. 11). — Sheep were freed from Trichodectes sphwroceph- 

 aliis by dii>ping twice in arsenic and whale-oil soap. Barley was attacked by 

 tJlachypUra corn Ufa. Cabbage was damaged by diamond-back moth, root-gall 

 weevil, and Psylliodes chrysocephala. 



Notes are also given on Hilpha opaea, cutworms, winter moth, plum aphis, 

 oyster-shell scale, black-currant mite, pine weevil, Phyllodecta vulgatissima, ete. 



