VETERTNAKY MEDICINE. 475 



fourth chapter ijiVeF! sonio account of patents relating to the sugar industry, 

 and the fniMl chapter r-onlains various statistics, and laws of different countries, 

 pertaininjj; to the ])i'(idiictioii, disl vilmlion, and consnniption of sugar. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Action of various amins on bacteria, particularly the glanders bacillus, 

 M, NicoLLK and A. Frouin {Ann. Jn.st. Pasteur, 21 (1907), No. 6, pp. JiJiS-.'iJil'). — 

 Various amins including piperidin have been shown to exercise a considerable 

 power of destruction upon living proteid substances, particularly in bacteria. 

 This matter was studied in the case of the glanders bacillus. It appears that 

 when the glanders bacillus has been subjected to the influence of piperidin it 

 retains its toxicity only toward animals which have been previously rendered 

 abnormally sensitive to this organism. ' 



Tetanus antitoxin, H. Vincent {Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris], 62 (1901), 

 No. 23, pp. 1198-1195). — In experiments with small laboratory animals it was 

 found that tetanus antitoxin does not protect the animal against the develop- 

 ment of an artificial infection even if administered within 1 hour after the ani- 

 mal has been removed from an autoclave maintained at a temperature suffi- 

 ciently high to elevate the body temperature of the experimental animal. In 

 cases where the antitoxin was administered immetliately after the animal was 

 taken from the autoclave the disease appeared in a chronic rather than in an 

 acute form. These experiments present additional evidence of the influence of 

 heat in rendering animals more susceptible to tetanus. 



Accidents following upon vaccination against anthrax, A. Ascoli {Rev. 

 Gen. Med. Vet., 10 {1901), No. 110, pp. //9--58 ) .—While signal success has at- 

 tended vaccination against anthrax in the hands of expert veterinarians a 

 number of accidents have occurred showing that the virus used for vaccination 

 may vary in virulence at different times and under different conditions. 



An investigation of the subject by the author indicated that the attenuated 

 type of virus used in the I'asteur system of vaccination shows marked differ- 

 ential characters with regard to its virulence. On the basis of these observed 

 differences it is possible to distinguish several qualities of virus. The viru- 

 lence of the vaccine is not increased by passage through laboratory animals 

 and the biological characters of anthrax virus in laboratory animals differ con- 

 siderably from those of virus obtained from cattle dead of anthrax. 



The author believes that anti-anthrax serum has the power of warding off 

 serious troubles as the result of vaccination provided it is used before septi- 

 cemia has appeared. 



An experimental inquiry into the nature of the substance in serum which 

 influences phagocytosis, G. Dean {Proe. Roy. Soe. [London], >SVr. B, 19 

 {1901), No. B 533, pp. 399-1/12). — The results obtained in previous experiments 

 by the author indicate that the sensitizing action of the serum may be due to 

 the combined acti(m of a thermo-stable and a thermo-labile substance, the 

 former being c()m]);irab]e with the sensitizing substance of French authors, and 

 the other resembling an alexin. The dilution of fresh unhealed serum does 

 not cause a diniinution in the sensitizing powei", at least for staphylococcus and 

 tubercle bacilli until the concentration has been reduced to one-fourth. It 

 api)ears that phagocytosis in dilutions ranging from J to ^2 is ])roportional to 

 tlie square root of the concentration of the serum. The phagocytic index shown 

 !)y mixtures of heated imnnme sennn and normal fresh serum is greater than 

 either of these sera used separately. 



Mammitis produced by acid-resistant bacteria, L. Nattan-Larrier and 1*. 

 KovKKi {('(inipt. Rind. Hoc. Jliol. \l'(iris\, (13 {I'.IUl), No. 2'/, pp. 15, 10). — In ex- 



