478 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



place be forbidden as far as is possible and that special care be exercised in the 

 clioice of locations for cattle raising in areas where trypanosomiasis is known 

 to occur. Native African cattle and various other domestic animals as well as 

 wild game may acquire considerable immunity to the disease as the result of 

 recovery from an infection. 



Concerning' the treatment of experimental trypanosomiasis, B. Moore, M. 

 NiERENSTEiN, and J. L. Todd (Ann. Trop. Med. and Par., 1 (1907), No. 2, pp. 

 275-28.'/ ) . — The use of strychnin in cases of infection with Trypanosoma brucei 

 has no apparent effect upon the trypanosomes. Atoxyl followed by bichlorid 

 of mercury gives quite satisfactory results, the combination being more effective 

 than atoxyl alone. The experiments reported by the author were made on 

 rats, but it is recommended that the treatment be tested in the case of animals 

 and man infected with trypanosome diseases. Apparently the treatment must 

 begin during the early stages of infection. 



Trypanosome transmission experiments, J. E. Dutton, J. L. Todd, and 

 J. W. B. Hanington (Ann. Trop. Med, and Par., 1 (1907), No. 2, pp. 201- 

 229). — Experiments were made in the transmission of trypanosomes by tsetse 

 flies. It was found that mammalian trypanosomes may be mechanically trans- 

 mitted by the bites of various insects. During the development of trypano- 

 somes spherical forms are produced by throwing off the undulating membrane 

 and flagellum. These forms are found both in mammals and insects. The 

 literatui-e of the subject is discussed in connection with a short bibliography. 



The transmission of Trypanosoma dimorphon by Glossina palpalis, E. 

 KouBAUD {Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 21 (1907), No. 6, pp. ^66', ^/6'7). — Much circum- 

 stantial evidence has been accumulated to show that T. dimorphon has been 

 transmitted by the agency of tsetse flies. The exact proof of this proposition, 

 however, is not very extensive. The author obtained positive evidence of the 

 agency of (1. polpalis in transmitting the blood parasite in two instances. 



The function of the spleen in trypanosomiasis, A. Laveran and Thiroux 

 (Compt. Rend. Acad. i^ei. [Paris^, l.'io (1907), No. 1, pp. U-17).—It has long 

 been contended that the spleen exercises a beneficial effect in the control of 

 diseases caused by infection with trypanosomes. Experiments undertaken by 

 the authors show that "trypanosomes as found in the spleen have exactly the 

 same appearance as those obtained from the general blood circulation. The 

 extract obtained from the spleen exercised no effect upon trypanosomes and 

 the progress of the disease did not appear to be affected by the removal of the 

 spleen. It is possible that the spleen assists in renioviug the debris caused by 

 the destruction of the red blood corpuscles, but its function so far as trypana- 

 some disease is concerned ai»pears to extend no farther. 



The normal temperature of cattle, Kettner (Ztsehr. Vctcrindrk., 19 (1907), 

 No. 7, pp. 328-331). — Temperature records were kept as taken at noon and in 

 the evening on 200 adult nonreacting cattle, 91 yearling nonreactors, .SO year- 

 ling reacting animals, and .50.3 adult reacting animals. In adult nonreacting 

 cattle the temperature at midday ranged from 38 to 40° C. The temperature 

 of adult reacting cattle had the same range. The variation in temperature of 

 yearling nonreacting cattle was from 38.5 to 40.6° C. and of yearling reacting 

 cattle from 38.5 to 40.1° C. 



The author concludes from these observations that the basal temperature of 

 reacting and nonreacting cattle is the same. As a rule the temperatures of both 

 reactors and nonreactors become slightly higher towai'd evening. It is believed 

 to be safe, however, to look upon a tenii)erature of 40.1 °C. as physiological, pro- 

 vided no recognizable symptoms of disease ai>pear. 



A prophylactic method of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease, 

 .1. Orv (Jiiil. aS'oc. Cent. Med. V6t., S'l (1907), No. 12, pp. 302-30S) .—MXeniion 



