VETERINARY MRDTCTNE. 479 



is r-nllod to tlio suuilnvity In the iiatiiro jiiid locMtion of tlio Ipsi<tiis in foot-and- 

 iiioufh disease and cowpox. As is vA'ell known, both of these diseases are trans- 

 mitted l)y lilterable virus and the uiic-ro-orKanisui is not Iviiown in either case. 

 The author suggests the possiblity that cowpox is a benign form of foot-and- 

 mouth disease. A number of experiments were made during which a vaccine 

 obtained from horses affected with horse pox was used in vaccinating cattle to 

 protect them against foot-and-mouth disease. An immunity of considerable 

 strength was thus produced and the author hopes that this method may prove 

 of some economic importance. 



Regulations for g-ovemment veterinarians in lower Austria {TierarzU. 

 Zentbl., 30 {1907), No. 18, pp. 293-298).— In a discussion of the matter of 

 orders for government veterinarians, together with copies of such regulations 

 in force in lower Austria, it appears that Austria is at present free from foot- 

 and-mouth disease. This fact is learned from a compilation of the reports of 

 various veterinarians, and the condition is believed to be due to the strict regu- 

 lation of cattle traffic which has been enforced during recent years. 



The licking disease of cattle, R. Ostertag and N. Zuntz {Ztschr. Infek- 

 tionskrauk. ii. Hiiy. Haiistlere, 2 {1907), ^'o. 6', pp. Jf09-Ji2'i). — The present arti- 

 cle is a preliminary report of an investigation undertaken for the Royal Prus- 

 sian Ministry of Agriculture to determine the cause of the so-called licking dis- 

 ease of cattle. 



The results obtained during this investigation indicate that the use of swale 

 hay from native meadows may produce the disease in cattle. The effect seems 

 to be more pronounceil after feeding hay from native meadows which have been 

 somewhat improved by cultural methods. The poisonous effect of hay is not 

 equally strong in all years. Apparently the poisonous principle of the swale hay 

 produces a metabolic disturbance particularly in the formation of blood and 

 bones, and, secondarily, a tendency to gnaw and lick all sorts of objects is ob- 

 served in affected cattle. The nature of the poisonous principle has not been 

 determined. Horses may be safely fed hay which is injurious to cattle. The 

 harmful character of the hay may be entirely removed by steaming. 



The development of Piroplasma bigeminum, D. Korsak {Arch. Vet. NauJc 

 [St. Petersh.^, 37 {1907), No. J,, pp. 3l.')-320, figs. 62).— It is by no means 

 certain that all of the developmental stages which occur during a complete 

 life cycle of the blood parasite of Texas fever have been made known and 

 arranged in their true sequence. The author has followed the development of 

 this parasite and presents the various stages by means of drawings with 

 explanations in the order in which the different forms occur. 



Notes from practice, Kircher {Wchnschr. Tierhcilk. u. Viehzucht,- 51 {1907), 

 No. 26, pp. 501-50.'/). — Observations were made on the effect of a 2 per cent 

 creolin dip in treating sheep for scab. It was found that while less dip was 

 required after shearing, the results of dipiiing were not so satisfactory as when 

 done while the shee]) were in full tieece. In several cases a second application 

 of the dip failed to cure the sheep of scab. 



Brief notes are also given on irregularities of parturition in domestic ani- 

 mals. 



Bare-lot v. grass-lot in relation to stomachal and intestinal parasitism of 

 lambs, W. II. Dai.kvmimk. {LouisUuid Kitis. Bui. 95, pp. 23, i)1s. 5, finx. ,?). - 

 In previous exi)eriinenls at the station the bare-lot method greatly reduced th(> 

 prevalence of nodule disease in lambs, but stomach worms still occurred. The 

 exiteriment was rei»eated with treatment added for stomach worms. Four of 

 the exi)eriment ewes received each 4 oz. of a 1 i)er cent solution of coal-tar 

 creosote and the other 4 received each a mixture of 1 dram carbon bisulphid 

 and 1 dram al)solule alcohol in 4 oz. of milk. These treatments were repeated 



