DISEASES OF PLANTS. 549 



A (lescriptioii is .uiveii of ji fruit rot and a disease of apple twigs due to 

 Coniotln/riinn sp. This fungus, which appears to be similar to, if not ideutical 

 with, ('. fiich-clii, j)roduces a brownish rot of the fruit and a condition somewhat 

 reseml)]ing tire blight upon the twigs. Siiraying, together with i)runing and 

 burning of the diseased material, it is l)elieved, will serve to control the fungus 

 both on the fruit and branches. 



A brief account is given of the occurrence of Sphseropsis on apple twigs, and 

 attention is called to the similarity between twigs affected l>y this fungus and 

 those attacked by Coniothyrium. 



The bulletin concludes with an account of investigations on apple scurf, 

 which is probably due to PhijUosticta prunicohi. The disease is brietly described 

 and the results of several hundred inoculations seem to indicate that it is due 

 to the fungus, which gains entrance ordinarily through injured bark. Only 

 about ."} per cent of the infections took place wliere the bark was uninjured, 

 and it is believed that in these cases the entrance was made through the 

 lenticels of the bark. Close pruning and spraying would probably control 

 this disease. 



Apple leaf spots, K. S. Salmon {Gard. Chron., 3. set:, ^2 (1907), No. 1088, 

 PI). 305, 306, pgx. 5). — Descriptions are given of two leaf-si)ot diseases observed 

 by the author during the past season, one due to a species of Phyllosticta and 

 the other to a species of Splueropsis. These fungi have been found on a number 

 cf varieties of apiilcs, being especially prevalent on a few varieties. 



In several cases in which trees were sprayed for apple scab, there was an 

 entire absence of the leaf spot, and from this the author concludes that both 

 these diseases may be prevented by thorough spraying with Bordeaux mixture. 



Gooseberry cluster-cup disease {Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 1 ) (1907), Xo. 7, 

 pp. .'i2S, Ji29, p'g. 1). — The cluster-cup of gooseberry, caused by the fungus 

 Puccinia prlngshelmiana, is briefly described, and attention is called to its 

 sporadic occurrence. 



Where the disease assumes the proportion of an epidemic, it is recommended 

 that the infested leaves and fruit be collected and l)urned. As the fungus 

 spends a part of its life cycle on sedges, wherever these plants are found grow- 

 ing about gooseberry bushes they should be cut early in the spring before the 

 rust matures upon their leaves. 



A new g-ooseberry disease, A. L. Smith (Gard. Chron., 3. sr/-., .'i2 (1907), 

 A'o. 1090, p. 3.'il, fig. 1). — A disease of gooseberries is described in which the 

 leaves fall pi-ematurely. An examination of the l>ranches showed that they 

 were dotted all over with the fruiting bodies of the fungus ConioHnjriuni raga- 

 hundum. No investigations have been undertaken for the control of this 

 disease, but it is believed that early and vigorous pruning and the burning of 

 the diseased branches would hold it in check. 



Cranberry diseases, C. L. Shear (V. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bui. 

 110, pp. (t'l, 1)1 s. 7). — This bulletin gives descriptions of the various fungi that 

 have been observed attacking the cranberry plant in all its i)arts. There are 

 said to be 4 serious fungus diseases, the scald, caused by Guignardia vaccinii; 

 rot, caused by Acanthorhgnchus vaccinii; anthracnose, due to Glomcrella 

 rufomuculans vaccinii ; and hyi»ertrophy, caused by hj.rohaxidium o.rycocci. The 

 first .3 diseases have been hitherto confused and often considered as one. Notes 

 have been previously given regarding the technical and cultural characters of 

 these organisms (E. S. II.. is. ])\). 54, 64S; 1!t, p. 44(;). 



In addition to these fnngi, 13 other species have been found affecting the 

 fruit and 10 species either the stems or leaves, but none of them seem to cause 

 serious injury. 



