VETERINARY MEDICINE. 575 



to which it should be boiled to obtain the best results. Incidentally the bear- 

 ing of these results on the process known as ' crystallization in motou ', and 

 an apparatus known as the ' brasnioscope ', are discussed." 



Preservation of bags for storing supei-phosphates and sulphur (jQur. Dept. 

 Agr. West. Attst., 15 {1901), No. 9, pp. 702, 703, pi. i).— A bag treated by soak- 

 ing in a solution of red gum kino withstood for 6 months the action of a very 

 acid supei'phosphate stored in it. 



Distilling peat on a commercial scale, R. Pique (Bm?. Assoc. Chim,. Sucr. 

 et Distill.. 2', (1907), No. 12, pp. i730-i74i).— Data regarding the use of peat 

 for alcohol making in different countries and the possibilities for this indus- 

 try in France. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Results of investigations in the field of general pathology and patholog- 

 ical anatomy, O. Lubarscii and R. Ostertag {Ergeh. AUg. Path. Mvnscli. u. 

 Ticrc, to. Sup. 2 {1907), pp. XIII -\- 51)9-1 182). —In this sui)plemental volume 

 a comprehensive review is given of the literature published during the years 

 1900 to 1905 on the pathological morphology and physiology of the organs of 

 special sense. As in previous issues in this series, extensive classified bibliog- 

 raphies are given. 



Immunity of the hibernating marmot to parasitic diseases, R. Blanchard 

 and M. Blatin {Arcti. Par., II {1907), No. S, pp. .361-378). — Arctomys mar- 

 mota in hibernation appears to be absolutely immune to Trypanosoma brucei 

 and T. gatnbiense, but this immunity is not prolonged beyond the period of 

 hibernation. The immunity is not due to phagocytosis but to the low temper- 

 ature of the body, and does not appear till about the ninth day of hibernation. 

 The hibernating marmot is likewise immune to 'P. leivisi and T. evansi. The 

 trypanosomes are not destroyed at once in the body of the hibernating marmot 

 but persist for 4 to 9 days. 



Similarly with trichina the marmot is easily infested in an active state but 

 not in hibernation. 



Bacterial agglutination with normal sera, E. BiJRGi {Arclt. Hyg., 62 {1907), 

 No. 3, pp. 239-276). — Agglutination experiments were carried on with a number 

 of bacteria using the normal sera of man, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cattle, 

 horses, goats, sheep, and fowls. It was found that these sera could be arranged 

 in series with respect to their agglutinating power toward bacteria. 



Antibacterial action of the extract of tapeworms, C. .Joyeux {Arch. Par., 

 11 {1907). No. 3, pp. 409-Jtl8, pis. 2). — In the experiments reported in this 

 paper Bacillus mcscntcricus rulgatusi, B. paratyplii. and B. psittacorum were 

 used. These bacteria were subjected to the action of the extract of Twiiia 

 saginata, Moniezia expansa, and Thysanosoma giardi in the proportion of 1 

 part worm pulp to 3 parts of water. 



It appears that there is a reciprocal tolerance between the bacteria and the 

 tapeworms. They may thus exist together in the intestines of the same animal 

 without producing any interaction. 



The production of leucotoxin, Navez and Antoine {Ann. MM. Vet., 56 

 {1907), No. 8-9, pp. ■'i'i'i-'i'>3). — The injection of a given variety of leucocytes 

 into an animal causes the formation of a cytotoxin which is active toward the 

 particular kind of leucocyte only. This is considered as indicating an inde- 

 pendence of the different groups of leucocytes. The lymphocytes and mono- 

 nuclear leucocytes apparently differ in origin from the polynuclear leucocytes. 

 The nongranular leucocytes probably arise in the spleen and lymphatic glands. 

 The destruction of a large proportion had no noticeable effect on the health of 

 the animal. 



