VETERINARY MEDICINE. 577 



heen observed only in Uruguay, where it affects ai)out 1 in 1/KX) cows. The 

 I»athology of the disease reseniljles that of tuberculosis. 



Attenuation of the anthrax bacillus, II. I'rkisz (Coithl. Bait. [ctcA, 1. AM., 

 Orig., -'/'/ (JOOT), Xo. 3, pj). 20!), 210). — Virulent anthrax bacilli form capsules in 

 the animal body. Attenuated anthrax l)acilli show swelling and liquefaction of 

 the capsule on ordinary culture media. Nonvirulent forms may closely resemble 

 in morpliology the virulent bacilli but fail to form ca])sulcs in the animal body. 



Vaccination of cattle against tuberculosis through the alimentary tract, 

 A. Calmette and C. Guf;RiN (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 21 (IDOJ), yo. 7, pp. 52o- 

 532). — In a continuation of their experiments on vaccination against tubercu- 

 losis the authors found that the gravity of tuberculous infection in cattle, and 

 probaby in man, depends on the number of bacilli abscn'bed, their virulence, 

 and the frequency of repeated infections. Recovery may tal«! place after a 

 single infection even with a large numl)er of l)acilli. and is indicated by the 

 absence of reaction to tuberculin. It confers considerable immunity toward 

 subsequent infection, but it is impossible to state the exact duration of this im- 

 munity although in some cases it persists for at least S months. Further ex- 

 periments are planned in exposing vaccinated cattle to natural infection from 

 tuberculous cattle. 



New reactions to tuberculin, P. Rueay {Ann. Med. Vet., oG (1007), No. 8-9, 

 pp. Jf7o-4S2). — Details are given i-egarding 2 cases of tuberculosis in cattle 

 which gave no reaction to tuberculin. In detecting this disease in man, it is 

 believetl that the ophthalmo-reaction is particularly well adapted on account of 

 its very delicate and fleeting character. On the other hand, the cuti-reaction is 

 decisive, of much longer duration, and is, therefore, recommended for use in 

 testing cattle. It serves as a valuable means of control for the ordinary tuber- 

 culin test. 



New methods for diagnosing tuberculosis, G. Moussu (Bid. Mens. 8oc. 

 Cent. Agi: Hort. ct Acclini. V/cc, J,7 {1907), Xo. 8, pp. 222-227).— X description 

 is given of the technique of the cuti-reaction and ophthalmo-reaction to tuber- 

 culin. The methods of cuti-reaction offers less difficulty than the ordinary sub- 

 cutaneous injection of tuberculin, and is fairly reliable. 



The tuberculous nature of diffuse, hypertrophic enteritis of cattle, E. 

 LiENAUx (Ann. M6d. VU., 56 (1907), No. 8-9, pp. 433-U3).—X protracted 

 study has been made of a chronic enteritis of cattle. 



Sheep and calves became infected by injection or ingestion of bacilli from 

 cases of the disease, and showed a reaction to tuberculin within 19 days. On 

 post-mortem examination the classic lesions of tuberculosis were found. Ma- 

 terial obtained from such lesions and inoculated into guinea pigs produced 

 pathological conditions identical with those of the bovine form of tuberculo- 

 sis. Caseous necrosis of the liver and spleen was noted, and also serofibrinous 

 lesions on the pleura. 



The author holds that hypertrophic enteritis of cattle is a special form of 

 iiovine tuberculosis. The bacilli found in such cases are considerably atten- 

 uated. 



Hematozoa of cattle in Indo-China, H. Schein (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 21 

 (1907), Xo. H, pp. ()')9-6<>.'>, pi. I). — In the blood of calves in Indo-China there is 

 found a large Tryi)anosoma s(mietimes resembling T. transraaliense. It does 

 not infect animals other than Bovidae. The blood of infected animals is virulent 

 but the parasite is not always to be demonstrated. One injection confers 

 immunity. The parasite is almost identical with T. theileri, and is most 

 jiathogenic in dry seasons when str»ck is badly nourished. The practical value 

 of the discovery is that differential diagnosis can now be made between this 

 disease and- surra. 



