FIELD CROPS. 639 



does not control the baking quality exclusively, but that the quality of the 

 gluten itself may be a strong factor in this regard. 



During the wet season of lOOG a heavy application of nitrogenous fertilizer 

 reduced the baking quality, while in the dry season of 1904 the same fertilizer 

 ti-eatment improved it. The statement is made that when the use of nitrogenous 

 fertilizers has reduced the baking quality of wheat an improvement may be 

 brought about by storing the wheat for some time. The baking quality of fresh 

 wheats may sometimes be improved by drying at 40 to 50° C. It is further 

 indicated that up to a certain point the addition of the sugars exerts a bene- 

 ficial effect on the baking quality. 



Among the varieties of winter rye grown Petkus and Heine Zeeland gave the 

 best results, and of the winter barley varieties Bestehorn Giant ranked tirst hi 

 moist seasons and (ironing, an earlier sort, in dry seasons. Svalof Hannchen 

 spring barley has given the best results during the last few seasons, but other- 

 wise the Chevalier varieties ranked tirst in some years and the Hauna varieties 

 lu others. The best results of different varieties of oats during the last years 

 of the test were secured from Ligowo. The third generation of oats was as 

 productive as the original seed. 



In studying the plant-food requirements of plants it was found that so far as 

 quantity is concerned there were no great differences between varieties of the 

 same crop, but it was observed that the Hungarian and American wheats were 

 not only richer in protein but also required larger quantities of soil nitrogen, 

 although giving smaller yields than the domestic varieties, which. In turn, 

 required greater quantities of potash. 



The highest yields of tubers and starch of the different varieties of potatoes 

 compared were secured from Silesia and Leo, while the highest percentage of 

 starchy substance was found in Fiirst Bismark. These are late ripening sorts 

 and in dry seasons their superiority over the earlier sorts was less, or not at 

 all. apparent. Ella, a yellow-fleshed table potato, ranked first in cooking 

 quality. 



Late ripening varieties of sugar beets produced no highei* yields of sugar than 

 earlier sorts. The late varieties are said to produce higher yields of roots 

 than the early varieties,, but owing to a lower sugar content no higher absolute 

 yield of sugar is secured. Among different fodder beets Eckendorf produced 

 the highest yield of roots, and Vilmorin Half-sugar and jNIohrenweis Yeni Vidi 

 Vici the highest yields of dry matter. Great differences in the yield of dry 

 matter, however, were not found. The sugar beet produced about the same 

 quantity of dry matter as the fodder beet, and if the leaves of both crops are 

 taken into consideration, the higher yield of dry matter. 



Brief sketch of the experiments on the Poltava experiment field from 

 1886 to 1905, S. P. TretyaivOV, G. N. Nazarov, and K. L. Verbetski {Abs. in 

 Zhiii: OpuUn. Agron. [Russ. Jour. Expt. Landic], 8 (1907), Xo. 1, pp. 73-75). — 

 The results on different kinds of fallow showed in general that the earlier the 

 fallow field was plowed the greater was the yield of winter cereals. This was 

 not the case on black fallow, which, though plowed much earlier than April 

 fallow, gave in the mean for 11 years a lower yield of winter wheat and winter 

 rye than April fallow. The lowering of the yield on black fallow manifested 

 itself a number of years after an exi^eriment with a three-course rotation had 

 i)een begun. A vetch mixture grown on the fallow diminished the yield of the 

 succeeding winter crops, but it more than compensated for this loss by the 

 yield of fodder produced. 



The application of manure on late fallow was not so effective as on early 

 fallow, and the yield of winter grains was greater where the manure was 



