ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 6fi8 



111 order to prepare tlie complete soluble oil the ncressary injiredieiits were 

 mixed in the I'ollowiiifi order: Emulsifier 8 parts, crude ])etroleum 18 parts, 

 rosiu oil 4 parts, and water 1 part. This stock preparation may be made for 

 from 16 to 18 cts. per gallon, and when diluted with 15 parts of water makes 

 a spraying material at a cost of slightly more than 1 ct. per gallon. This 

 material has been tested on commercial orchards with satisfactory results. 



Fruit fly {Jour Dcol. Agr. Ko. Aust., 10 (1907), No. 12, pp. 869-870).— A copy 

 is given of the regulations enforced by South Australia against the importation 

 of trees, plants, and fruits from countries infested with the fruit fly. These 

 regulations are believed to be justified. 



Fumigation for the white fly, G. F. Warren {New J emeu ^t(is. Rpt. 1900, 

 pp. 2Jf2-2Ji7, pis. 2). — The occurrence of a serious infestation of greenhouses 

 by the white fly led to fumigation experiments for the purpose of destroying 

 this insect. It was found that an all-night fumigation using | oz. of potas- 

 sium cyanid per 1,000 cu. ft. of space killed the insects but injured tomato 

 plants. Even ^ oz. per 1,000 cu. ft. of space caused some injury. The dif- 

 ferent varieties of tomatoes were found to vary somewhat in resisting power 

 to the bad effects of fumigation. Injury caused by fumigation began to appear 

 about 4 o'clock on the day following the operation. In all experiments the 

 formula used called for 1 oz. of potassium cyanid and 2 fluid ounces of sul-- 

 phuric acid per 4 oz. of water. 



The author found it possible to stay in the greenhouse during fumigation in 

 which 1 oz. of potassium cyanid was used per 1,000 cu. ft. of space. The only 

 effect noticed was a headache and symptoms of a cold. It is suggested, however, 

 that these results should not lead to the abandonment of ordinary precautions in 

 fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas, for the gas exercises serious if not fatal 

 effects upon many individuals. The all-night fumigation at the rate of f 

 oz. of potassium cyanid per 1,000 cu. ft. of space seriously injured tomatoes, 

 as already indicated, but did not harm beans, lettuce, or cucumbers. Better 

 results are obtained by fumigation in the daytime for a period of 1.5 to 20 

 minutes. It appears impossible to kill the flies by fumigation at night without 

 injury to some of the plants. 



New experience with the olive fly, A. Berlese {Cnltivatorc, 53 {1907), No. 

 Ji2, pp. Ji87-.'i90). — After a continued test of the mixture containing sugar and 

 an arsenical salt the author believes that this remedy has been definitely 

 jtroved to give better results than any other which has been tried. 



The effect of cold on borers in coffee trees, L. Boutan {Cotupi. Rend. Acad. 

 Sci. [I'arix], 1 'i') {1907), No. 9, pp. Ji6.'i-Ji66) . — Coffee trees are sometimes 

 seriously injured by XylutrccJiu.'n quadrnpes. The author tested the effect of 

 cold upon the larvjie of this insect in portions of the wood of coffee trees, in 

 the living trees, and outside of their burrows. It was found that a sufficiently 

 low temperature could be produced by volatilizing ethyl chlorid upon the 

 liranches of coffee trees to destroy the larvje of the borer without injuring the 

 trees. It is not claimed, however, that this method will ])rove to be practicable. 



Effect of low temperatures on almond pests, I^e Loverdo {Btil. Soc. N(tt. Agr. 

 France, 67 {1907), \o. 7, pp. .587-589). — Almonds in storage are sometimes 

 gi'eatly injured by the attacks of Paralipsa guUiris and Plodia interpnncteUa. 

 The author tested the effect of cold upon these insects, P^ggs kejit for G months 

 at temperature ranging from — ;> to +4"^ C. failed to hatch. Similar tempera- 

 tures prevented the growth of young caterjiillars of both species. 



Insects injurious to timber, L. Grandeau {Jour. Agr. Prat., n. set:, Iff 

 {1907), No. 38, pp. ;j6' /-.'?«.}). —Attention is called to the ravages of white ants 

 and boring wasps, particularly of the genus Sirex, in timbers and household 

 furniture. 



