VETERINARY MEDICINE. 685 



author alw> fontsiders in this couuectiou the prevalent superstitions regarding 

 hollow horn and hollow tail. 



Interrelation of creameries and animal plagues, Matthiesen {Dent. 

 Ticriirztl. WclniNclu:, 15 {I HOI). No. SI, pp. -'iS3-.'i36). — It is recommended that 

 creameries be not allowed to accept milk from dairies in which any infectious 

 disease prevails. All skim milk should be pasteurized before delivery to patrons, 

 and care must be exercised to make the pasteurization effective. All milk uten- 

 sils must be scrupulously cleaned. 



Polyvalent serum in vaccination against calf dysentery and swine plagug, 

 VoNNAHME {Berlin. Tirrarzil. Wchn^chr.. 1907, So. 30, p. .567). — The authm-s 

 vaccinated 120 calves with polyvalent serum with complete success in every case. 

 Previously about 00 per cent of the calves in the same neighborhood had become 

 affected. 



Polyvalent serum gave equally good results in protecting pigs against swine 

 jilague. The method used was that of Ostertag and Wassermaun. The cost of 

 the i»rotectiou thus afforded was very slight. 



The regulation of vaccines, F. Kern (Berlin. Tierdrzth WcJmschr., 1907, No. 

 .iS, pp. 5.'i2, 5-'i3). — Cai'eful distinction should be made between vaccines which 

 do or do not contain living virus. The use of vaccines should be under gov- 

 ernment supervision and should be in the hands of specially designated veteri- 

 narians. Other persons should not be allowed to use vaccines, and veter- 

 inarians should be required to follow scrupulously the approved directions for 

 their use. 



Hemotoxins of the anthrax bacillus and related bacteria, H. Heyrovsky 

 and K. Landsteiner (Centbl. Bakt. [ete.], 1. Abt., Orig., 4i ii907). No. 2, pp. 

 150-160). — No success has hitherto attended attempts to isolate a toxin from 

 the anthrax bacillus. The authors had no success from the use of ordinary 

 media, but a hemotoxin was obtained when in the place of bouillon a medium 

 was used containing 0.5 per cent salt and 1 per cent nutrose in meat extract. 

 It was found that the hemotoxin obtained in this medium was largely neu- 

 tralized by the peptone in ordinary bouillon. In the preparation of the anthrax 

 lysin the best results were obtained on a bouillon containing 0.5 per cent salt 

 and 0.12 to 0.25 per cent chapoteaut peittone. The lysin showed a strong hemo- 

 lytic effect on the blood of rabbits and man but was less active toward the 

 blood of guinea pigs, mice, and cattle. The anthrax lysin is thermolabile and 

 very susceptible to the action of cholesterin. 



lu a similar manner hemotoxins were obtained from B. xubtilis. B. nnjcoidcv, 

 and B. mepaflieriiim. 



Bacillus pyogenes and the tissue changes caused by it, H. Holth (Ztsclir. 

 Infeetionslrrnih: u. Hyg. Haustiere, 3 (1907), No. 1-2, pp. 155-217).— A detailed 

 account is given of the morphology, biology, and resisting powers of B. pyogenes. 

 This bacillus is most frequently associated with streptococci, staphylococci, ne- 

 crosis bacillus and coli bacillus. Rats and pigeons are immune, but rabbits 

 are very suscei)tible to it. In cattle a phlegmonous tumor is i)roduced. The 

 bacillus is also pathogenic for sheep, goats and i)igs, and in the pure pyemic form 

 of infection in pigs nearly all the organs may be affected. B. pyogenes is fre- 

 quently found in broncho-pneumonia and metritis of cattle. It is never the 

 primary cause of mammitis but is often associated with other micro-organisms 

 in cases of this disease. 



A comparative study of Bacillus pyogenes bovis and B. pyogenes suis, 

 K. Berger (Zt.Hehr. Infvrtiouskrank. u. Hyg. IJuusticrc, 3 (1907), No. 1-2, pp. 

 101-15.'i, figM. .'i). — As the result of an extensive bacteriological study the author 

 comes to the couclusiou that Poels' polyarthritis bacillus, the B. pyogenes suis 



