HORTICULTURE. 741 



form of trpo, which appears to be a narrow, eloiifiated type of the pyramid 

 form, seems to ho specially adapted for pears, to a lesser dejjrve for apples, and 

 nnsuited for other orchard fruits. 



The success accompanying the use of the spindel tree is said to depend to a 

 considerable extent on the proper selection of stock, distance of planting, and 

 method of pruning. The quince stocli is commonly used for pears and the 

 P.u-adise stock for apples. The planting distance recommended, where horse cul- 

 tivation is to be used, is from 3 to 3* meters (9.8 to 11.5 ft.) between the rows 

 and 2 meters (6.5 ft.) between trees in the row. Care should be taken not to cut 

 the leading shoot back too far, as this results in creating a strong growth in the 

 side shoots. At least 12 eyes should be left on the main shoot, and the method 

 of pruning reconnnended is the "half-moon shape" whereby all of the branches 

 are exposed to the light. 



Some data are given in regard to the yields obtained froai this form of tree. 

 During the past season 36 7-year old trees of Frau Luise Goethe yielded 6S3 

 fruits, valued at $21.42, and 36 7-year old trees of Madame Verte gave 3,420 

 fruits worth about .$47.60. The sijindel tree is to be more extensively planted in 

 the orchards at Geisenheim. 



Fruit growing' and marketing in California, W. A. Boucher (New Zeal. 

 Dci)t. Ai/r., Dirs. Biol, and Hoit. Bid. 17, pis. 2'f). — A report to the New Zealand 

 department of agriculture on the fruit and vegetal)le industry of California, 

 with special attention to those kinds considered suitable for New Zealand con- 

 ditions. Consideration is given to the varieties grown, the various cultural 

 operations, orchard implements, harvesting, packing, marketing, etc. The text 

 is accomi)anied with numerous illustrations of California orchard scenes. 



Fruits for Pennsylvania, J. H. Funk (Penn. Dcpt. Agr. Bui. 152, pp. S.'fO, 

 fii/s. (j!)). — This bulletin treats of successful fruit production in Pennsylvania, 

 including information with regard to the adaptability of different A-arieties of 

 the api)le, pear, peach, cherry, plum, apricot, quince, mulberry, and grape, as 

 well as the methods of propagating, i)Ianting, pruning, fertilizing, cultivating, 

 harvesting, packing, and marketing the important fruits. 



Considerable attention is also given to harmful insects and fungus diseases 

 and their control. 



Report of the horticultural inspector of the agricultural society for the 

 Rhein province on the inspection trip in Holland from May 17 to June 

 3, 1906 {Laiuhv. ZtKcIir. Hhchiprorinz, S {1!)07), Ao.s'. 32, pp. .'/iJl-'iG.i ; J.i. pp. 

 Jj73-.'i75; S'l, pp. .'/.s'J-.'/<S'7; J.T, /)/). .'idl , .'iBS) . — A report on horticultural conditions 

 in Holland, including an account of horticultural educational institutions, ex- 

 perimental stations, and connncrcial fruit and vegetable culture. 



The fruits of the Dutch East Indies, F. A. von Sturleb {Dc Vruchtcn van 

 Xcdniandxrh Oo.^t-lndic. Ticl, 1907, pp. II+S3, pU. 10, figs., 22). — Botanical 

 descriptions and brief general notes on the history, culture, varieties, and uses 

 of the various fruits common to the Dutch East Indies are given, together with 

 analytical tables showing the chemical com])()sitiou of the more important 

 fruits. The work concludes with brief directions as to the making of iireserves, 

 marmalades, and jellies, and an extensive bibliography on tropical fruits. 



In view of the unsuccessful results secured with general farm crops during 

 recent years the author is of the opinion that the development of the fruit 

 industry can be undertaken with profit by many of the farmers. 



The packing- of apples in barrels and boxes, A. McNeill (Canada Dcpt. 

 Agr., Branch Dairy and Cold storage Comr. Bui. 11), pp. 3.3, figs. 22). — This 

 bulletin contains a descrii)tion of the important features of barrel and box pack- 

 ing, including a discussion of the package and packing house equipment and 

 methods of grading and iiackiug. 



