742 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



With regard to the use of boxes in place of barrels the author states that 

 barrels are likely to maiutaiu their preeminence as a package for apples as 

 only the best grade of apples will pay in the boxes. The box is said to be the 

 only practical package in which apples can be economically transported in a fit 

 condition for the highest dessert trade. As a rule retail merchants prefer the 

 boxes for a considerable part of their trade, whereas it appears that auction 

 markets and fruit brokers of Great Britain do not take kindly to boxes. 



The text is accompanied with several figures illustrating the various styles 

 of pack, as well as by considerable information in regard to practices employed 

 by successful fruit growers' associations. 



The keeping quality of apples (Countnj Gent., 72 (1907), No. 2853, p. 

 930). — A tabulated list is given of the leading varieties of apples grown in the 

 latitude of the State of New York, showing the approximate date for marketing 

 together with the storage limit of each. In compiling this table special atten- 

 tion was given to the results secui'ed by Powell in his fruit storage experiments 

 (E. S. R., 15, pp. 5S1). 



Early cider apples, A. TRtiELLE {Jour. Agr. Prat., n. ser., IJf (1907), Ao. 3J/, 

 PI). 239, 2'i0). — The author conducted investigations to determine the relative 

 value of cider produced from early apples as compared with that produced 

 from later maturing apples. A table is given in which the cider from 20 of the 

 superior early apples of Normandy and Brittany is compared with varieties of 

 medium and late mattiring apples, with regard to the density and the content of 

 sugar, tannin, pectic compounds, albuminoids, and malic acid. 



As a result of this investigation it appears that there are several of the early 

 apples in which the chemical composition is quite similar to that of the later 

 maturing apples and which are capable of making rich alcoholic cider of good 

 lasting quality providing the inferior fruits are discarded. It is recommended 

 that the cider made from early apples be fermented at the lowest possible 

 temperature, after which it should be immediately drawn off into casks under 

 a weak pressure of carbonic acid. A list is given of the varieties of early 

 api)l.es considered most suitable for cider making. 



Plum culture in Massachusetts, F. A. Waugh (Mass. Crop Rpt., 20 (1907), 

 No. 2, pp. 30-36). — Popular directions for the cultivation of plums, including 

 observations as to selection of soil and varieties, planting operations, pruning, 

 cultivation, fertilization, pollination, diseases and insect pests and their control, 

 and marketing. 



Propagation, planting, and culture of citrus fruits^ R. Mares (Ecolc Agr. 

 Alger. Maiaon-Varrcc, Hcrr. Agr. Bid. 1, pp. 27). — A popular bulletin on this 

 subject, with special reference to citrus cultivation in Algeria. Observations 

 ai'e given on climate, varieties, soil, preparation of the soil, nursery practices, 

 grafting, planting, pruning, fei-tilizing, irrigation, various insects, fungus dis- 

 eases and their ctiutrol. harvesting and marketing. 



Seminal variation in the mango (Trinidad Bot. Dcpt., BuJ. Misc. Inform., 

 1907, No. 56, pp. 259, 260). — During the past ten years a large numl)er of seedling 

 mango trees from seeds taken from some of the best named varieties have been 

 I'aised at the experiment station, St. Clair, Trinidad. From the I'esults hei'e 

 given it appears that the mango does not come true from seed. In this connec- 

 tion H. A. Nurse contributes a note on variation in seedlings of Mango D'Or. 

 The seedling, while retaining a slight trace of the characteristic ai-oma, is said 

 to possess none of the good qualities of the parent. 



Planters are advised not to undertake the cultivation of seedling varieties but 

 to preserve the best strains of fruit either by budding or grafting. 



Spanish olive industry (Duilg Consui<tr und Trade Rpts. [U. /S'.], 1907, No. 

 3006, pp. i-5).— Statistics are reported by B. H. Ridgely with regard to the 



