ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 761 



Wax moths, therefore, can not be coiisiihTed as assisting in the control nf fonl 

 brood. 



Production and care of extracted honey. E. F. Phillips (U. 8. Dept. Agr., 

 Bur. Ent. Bui. 75, pt. J, pp. 1-15). — The terms strained honey and extracted 

 honey have been applied to' honey which has been rendered free from comb 

 by straining the comb honey or removing the honey from the comb by the cen- 

 trifngal machine. The chief purpose of the article on extracted lioney is to 

 give information on the main principles to be observed in preparing tliis product. 



The advantages of extracted honey are briefly discussed and detailed directions 

 are given regarding the teclmique of producing this product. The best honeys 

 are obtained by allowing sufficient time for normal ripening. Since, however, 

 one of the most constant jdiysical evidences of ripeness of honey is tlie proper 

 water content, artificial ripeners Iiave been devised in which the excess amount 

 of moisture in unripe honey is driven off by heat. The aroma of such honey is 

 not equal to that of honey allowed to ripen naturally. 



The extent and rapidity of granulation of honey depends to some extent on the 

 plants from which the honey was made. Granulation takes place much more 

 rapidly in alfalfa honey than in white-sage honey. In the case of infection with 

 foul brood, it is permissible to heat lioney to a temiteratnre higher tlian 100° F. 

 Directions are given for packing extracted honey and for the production of 

 candied honey. A table is jiresented showing the different types of honey. 



Methods of honey testing' for bee keepers, C. A. Browne (U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Bur. Ent. Bui. 75, pt. 1, pp. 16-18). — The most frequent forms for the adultera- 

 tion of honey consist in the addition of glucose, cane sugar, and invert sugar. 

 The standard at present adopted for honey permits the presence of 25 per cent 

 of water. This standard is believed to give a sufficiently wide margin, since the 

 average water content of samples of pure honey is about 17.5 per cent. 



Simple methods of honey testing are given for the use of bee keei)ers. Water 

 may be determined by the use of a specific gravity float. Beckmann's colori- 

 metric test is recommended for the detection of commercial glucose. Artificial 

 invert sugar may be detected by diluting the honey with an equal volume of 

 water and so adding a freshly prepared concentrated solution of anilin acetate 

 as to form a thin layer on the surface of the liquid. If artificial invert sugar 

 is present a red ring will form beneath this layer, the intensity depending upon 

 the quantity of invert sugar in the mixture. 



The first stag-es of French butterflies, M. C. Frionnet {Lc.<i Premiers Etats 

 des L('i>i<I(>it1rrrs Fnnirdis RhopaJovvra. Saint Dizicr, 1906, pp. LXII + 321). — 

 Entomologists everywhere recognize tlie need of careful study of the larval 

 stages of insects for puri)oses of com])arison and classification. This field of 

 work has l)een covered by the author with regard to tlie caterpillars of Frencli 

 butterflies. The larval stages of these insects are described and elaborate 

 analytical tables are given to assist in their identification in these stages. A 

 bibliography of the subject is also presented.' 



A chalcidid parasite of the tick, L. O. Howard {Ent. Newfi, IS (1907), No. 

 9, pp. 375-378, pi. 1, fig. 1). — Ticks l)elonging to the species HwrnnphnHnlis 

 leporispalustri.s obtained from rabbits in Texas were found to be parasitized 

 by a tick belonging to a new genus and species. This tick is describetl under 

 tlie name I.rodipliaguft texanus. 



Bibliography of Canadian entomology for the year 1905, C. J. S. Bethune 

 (Proc. and Trann. Roy. Soc. Canada, .1. scr., l.i {1906). See. TV. pp. 55-65). — A 

 list is given of literature regarding Canadian entomology itublished in 1905, 

 arranged alphabetically under authors. 



