784 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



port was obtained for the belief that bovine tubercle bacilli were more virulent 

 than the human type for human beings. 



The detection of bone tuberculosis in food animals, Haffxer (Ztschr. 

 Flcisch II. Milchhiif/.. JS {1901). Xo. 1. pp. T-U). — In tuberculosis of the leg 

 bones of pigs' the corresponding lymi)hatic glands are often intact, but if- tuber- 

 culous alterations are found in the vertebne there should be strong susi)icion 

 that some of the other bones are also affected. In both pigs and cattle, tuber- 

 culous bones commonly show no external changes. 



The author believes that inspection should be more severe with reference to 

 the detection of bone tuberculosis, but that affected parts may be removed with 

 little loss of meat. 



Heredity, portals of entry of infection, and immunity in tuberculosis, 

 M. P. Kavenel (Proc. Ann. Coiif. Sunit. Off. X. Y., 6 {1906), pp. ISl-Lil).— 

 Heredity is of little or no importance in the spread of tuberculosis. Infection 

 takes place in the respiratory organs in a certain percentage of cases, but too 

 little attention has been given to infection which occurs through the alimentary 

 tract. The author has hopes of the ultimate efficiency of vaccination and other 

 methods for the control of tuberculosis. 



Antibodies in tuberculosis and the tuberculin reaction, J. Citron (.Berlin. 

 Klin. Wchnsrhr.. 'I'l {IVOD. Xo. 36. pp. llSo-ll'fl). — It has been demonstrated 

 that specific agglutinins may appear in the serum and exudates in sponta- 

 neous and exi)erimeutal tuberculosis. In the author's opinion the reaction to 

 tuberculin consists in the multiplication of sessile cell receptors and free anti- 

 bodies at the focus of infection, after which the latter disappear. In the last 

 stage of the reaction there are numerous fixed cell receptors and free anti- 

 bodies in the tuberculous foci and in the serum. 



In the therapeutic use of tuberculin a general reaction is unnecessary and 

 even harmful while the local reaction, is necessary. In the administration of 

 tuberculin the purpose should be to give doses which will stimulate the cells 

 to the fullest extent in the formation of antibodies without passing the toxic 

 limit which results in fever. 



The immunity of cattle vaccinated by the von Behring' method, A. Eber 

 {Berlin. Ticn'iztl. Wclinsclir., 1907. Xo. .iT. pp. 61I-61S). — .Summarizing his own 

 and others' experiments the author concludes that von Behring's vaccina- 

 tion method does not confer upon cattle a satisfactory immunity either toward 

 natural or artificial infection. * The method may produce a temporary, slightly 

 increased resistance, l)ut in the vast majority of cases vaccinated cattle are not 

 protected against repeated exposure to tuberculous animals. 



It is useless, therefore, to hope for the satisfactory control of tuberculosis 

 by the vaccination method alone, particularly in badly infected localities. In 

 fact further experiments are necessary to determine how far vaccination may 

 be of service in connection with other methods in the control of tuberculosis. 



Veterinary notes, E. Almgren {Svcnsk Vet. Tidskr., 12 (1901), Xo. 7, pp. 

 277-296). — A detailed description is given of the methods practiced in Copen- 

 hagen, Berlin, and Dresden in the study of tuberculosis of mammals and birds. 

 The results thus far obtained in vaccinating cattle against tuberculosis are 

 also discussed. 



Vaccinating cattle against tuberculosis, J. F. Heymaxs and G. Mullie 

 {Ann. Mcil. ]'('t.. .',6 {1907). Xo. 10. pp. .;6'.S-J7,S'). — The literature relating to this 

 subject is critically reviewed and the results obtained by the authors are out- 

 lined. In view of the immense importance to animal industry and human 

 health of suppressing tuberculosis it is believed that a thorough and conscien- 

 tious test should be made of vaccination as a means of control. 



