METEOROLOGY WATER. 815 



Avas 768.3 imn. This contained 36.29 mg. of free ammonia, 10.02 u\g. of organic 

 annnonia, 0.18 mg. of nitrous acid, and 8.94 mg. of nitric acid per 1,000 cc. 



Meteorolog'ical observations [in Egypt, 1904] {Cairo: Survey Dcpt., Egypt, 

 pp. 25-'i; (ih.s. ill Quart. .Jour. Roy. Met. Sov. [London], 33 (1907), No. IJjS, pp. 

 257-21)0). — Tal)ular sunnnaries are given of oliservations on atmospheric pres- 

 sure, temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloudiness, vapor tension, and direc- 

 tion and velocity of the wind at Abbassia, Alexandria, Assiut, Assuan, Berber, 

 Dueim, Gizeh, Ilelwan, Khartum, Mongalla, Port Said, Koseires, Suakin, Wady 

 Haifa, and Wad Medani. 



The rains of the Nile basin and the Nile flood of 1906, H. G. Lyons (Sur- 

 vey Dept., Egypt, Paper Xo. 2, pp. 70, pis. 16; abs. in Science, n. ser., 26 (1907), 

 No. 675, p. 800). — The seven dry years ending in 1905 were succeeded by a flood 

 of nearly average volume in 1906. The Nile flood is determined by the summer 

 rains of Abyssinia. 



Tills bulletin summarizes the available rainfall data obtained at recently 

 established meteorological stations in the Sudan and at points in other equato- 

 rial regions near to and within the L^i)per Nile basin as a basis for prediction of 

 the character of the Nile flood. While the need of more systematic study of 

 the meteorological conditions is recognized, the data already obtained show 

 that "the factors which affect the low-stage levels of the river are (a) the 

 intensity of the rainfall in Abyssinia, (b) its continuance into September and 

 October, (c) the volume stored in the valley of the White Nile, and (d) rain- 

 storms in the months November to April which temporarily raise the water- 

 level." 



[Rainfall of the Gold Coast of Africa], A. E. Evans (Govt. Gold Coast, 

 Rpt. Bot. and Agr. Dcpt., 1906, pp. 28-32). — Monthly summaries are given of 

 rainfall at Aburi Botanic Gardens 1897 to 1906, at Tarkwa Botanic Station 

 1904 to 1906, and at two other places during 1906. 



The meteorological year 1906-7 in Middle Europe with special reference 

 to floods and destructive storms. W. Krebs (Ber. Deut. Phys. GeselL, 5 (1907), 

 No. 20, pp. 572, 573). — This is a brief abstract of a paper based upon data from 

 42 meteorological stations in Middle Europe during the year ended August 31, 

 1907. 



Meteorology, E. Kleinschmidt (Jahrh. Naturw., 22 (1906-7), pp. 133-172). — 

 This chapter reviews the progress during 1906-7 in aerology, meteorological 

 optics, atmospheric electricity, terrestrial magnetism, the behavior of meteoro- 

 logical elements in darkness, and the relation of weather conditions in opposite 

 quarters of the earth. 



Air and water, G. Bleuel (Jahresber. Agr. Chem., 3. ser., 9 (1906), pp. 

 3-.'i2). — This is the usual review of investigations (up to the end of 1900) on 

 the chemistry and physics of the air and of atmospheric preci[)itations, ou 

 spring, drainage, and sewage waters, and on the purification of sewage water. 

 A classified bil)liography is given at the end of the chapter. 



The construction of drain gages at Pusa, M. H. Arnott and J. W. Leather 

 (Mem. Dept. Agr. India, Chem. Ser., 1 (1907), No. 5, pp. 57-77, pis. 20, figs. 6).— 

 The method and cost of construction of two drain gages, each having a super- 

 ficial area of 7 ft. 4 in. by 6 ft., and one 6 ft. deep, the other 3 ft. deep, are 

 given in detail. The gages are similar to those which have been in use at 

 Rothamsted for a long i)eriod of years, and to those constructed at Cawnpore 

 in 1903. In tlie construction of these gages great care was exercised to inclose 

 the undisturbed soil in its original state. 



Surface water supply of California and of the North Pacific coast drain- 

 ages, 1906, W. B. Clapp, .1. C. Stevens, et al. (U. S. Geol. Surrey. Wafer- 

 Supply and Irrig. Papers Nos. 213, pp. 219, pis. .',, figs. 2; 21. ), pp. Yl-\-208, pis. 



