DISEASES OF PLANTS, 851 



In the oxperiments for the prevention of snmt, seed of dnrnm wheat was 

 treated with 0.1 per cent formalin, (».l i)er cent copper sulphate, antisniut, hot 

 ashes, and hot dry air, and washed with water. The resulting crops from the 

 seed treated with formalin and with autismut were entirely free from disease. 

 The proportion of smut where the seed was treated with copper sulphate was 

 0.23, while the hot air and hot ash treatnitnits resulted in a greater amount of 

 pmut than that produced on the plats planted with untreated seed. 



The cotton diseases descrihed are a leaf sj)ot due to I'lii/lJoslictd iixilkoffii, 

 and the cotton wilt {Ncocosino.'^ixtra rasinfectd). 



The anise disease is said to be caused by Ccrcospora malkoffii on the leaves, 

 and spraying with 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture is advised. 



The bacterial diseases of sesame have been under investigation for some time, 

 and two forms are recognized, one due to Pseudomonas sesami and the other to 

 Bacillus sesami. Treating the seed with formalin has successfully reduced the 

 amount of diS3ase. 



A German resimie of the investigation is given. 



The fungus diseases of garden crops and their prevention, A. Natjimann 

 (Die PilzJ.-ranklicifni f/iiiiiin-isclirr Kultiirfinriichsr inul ihrr Brlcainpfniifi. 

 Dresden, 1907, i)p. Vni+156, i)1s. 3, figs. J,2).— The first part of this work gives 

 a general account of plant diseases caused by fungi, with directions for the study 

 of fungi and keys for the identificatiou of species, after which the more impor- 

 tant groups of fungi are discussed at some length. Directions are given for 

 the preparation of material for study, methods for conducting inoculation experi- 

 ments with fungi, and a general discussion of fungicides and other means of 

 combating diseases. 



In the second part of the work descriptions are given of the diseases of vege- 

 tables, ornamentals, and greenhouse and hothouse plants, together with sug- 

 gested means for their control. 



Plant diseases, L. R. Jones (Agr. of Mass., 5.J (1906), pp. 2J-'/S).— This is a 

 lecture before the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture in which the 

 author paid iiarticular attention to the diseases of the apple and potato. 



'L'he results of spraying experiments with potatoes are given and attention 

 called to the resistance of certain varieties to disease. In this respect some 

 Eurojiean varieties appear more resistant than American ones, but the (piality 

 and yields of p]uropean sorts are such that they can not be recohnnended for 

 general planting. A discussion followed the presentation of the paper in which 

 the relation of disease to moisture, fertilizers, etc., was connnented upon. 



The conidial form and pathological significance of Phellomyces sclero- 

 tiophorus, O. Appel and R. Laubert (Ar6. K. Biol. Anst. Land u. Forstw., 5 

 {1901), No. 7, pp. Ji35-JiJi1, pi. J').^From tlieir investigations the authors were 

 led to conclude that P. sclerotiophorus is a form of Spondgloclddiiiin (tirorircns. 

 While the fungus may possibly cause some injury, their investigations seem to 

 show that it is not of very great importance. 



Sclerotinia trifoliorum, the cause of clover canker, L. C. CoLK?.rAN (Arlt. 

 K. Biol. Anst. Lund u. Forstw., r, (1901), No. 7, pp. /f(;9-.'if^H, figs. 1.',, dgni. I).— 

 The author reports that clover canker was observed near Dahlem in clover that 

 had been seeded on oat stubble, and that by midwinter many of the plants were 

 destroyed. In February numerous sclerotia were observed on the roots of dead 

 plants, and in the following October the apothecia of the fungus were abundant. 

 Studies were made of the fungus in various culture mwlia, and successful inocxi- 

 lation expei-iments wei'e carried on by sowing the spores on the young leatlets. 



I'lat experiments showed that practically all races of red clover are sub.j(>ct 

 to the canker and probably other clovers as well. Although the exiK-rimeiils 

 are not considered entirely conclusive, alfalfa showed some indication of being 



