ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 859 



the past 3 years. This msoct was first observed in 1S07, and is apparently a 

 native species. It has a wide distribution in the United States and has been 

 found on crab api)]es, apples, plums, elm, oak, and other plants. The injury 

 caused by the first brood of larva^ may be particularly extensive, the calyx 

 end of the api)le l)eins most injured. I^ater in the season the blossom end is. 

 attacked and the larv:? sliow a tendency to penetrate into the fruit. 



The insect is described in all its stages. Its life history is not known iu 

 all details but ai)i)arently resembles that of the codling moth rather closely. 

 The winter is passed in the larval condition. There are at least two genera- 

 tions annually. From a similarity of habits between the lesser apple worm 

 and the codling motli it is believed that the former may be effectively con- 

 trolled by the usual system of spraying adopted for the codling moth. 



The apple-tree tent caterpillar, A. L. Quaintance (U. aS. Dci>t. Ayr., Bur. 

 Ent. Circ. 98, pp. S, ffgs. //). — The tent caterpillar is a native American species 

 generally distributed throughout the country. A description is given of the 

 insect in its various stages and notes are presented on its natural enemies, of 

 which 24 species are known. 



In combating this insect attention should be given to the egg clusters, the 

 caterpillar nests, and to spraying with arsenicals. Good results should be ex- 

 pected from the use of Paris green at the rate of 1 lb. to 300 to 400 gal. of water. 



The codling moth, R. S. Woglum (.V. C. Dept. Agr. Ent. Circ. 20, pp. 16, 

 figs. 7). — The appearance and life history of this insect are briefly con- 

 sidered. In North Carolina it is believed that 2 or 3 applications of arsenate of 

 lead or some other arsenical would be sufficient for the control of the codling 

 moth, but that on account of the prevalence of fungus diseases it is best to com- 

 bine the arsenical with the Bordeaux mixture and make about 4 applications. 

 Brief notes are also given on banding trees. 



The peach lecanium or terrapin scale, A. B. Gahan {Maryland Sta. Bui. 

 123, pp. 153-160, figs. 3). — The peach lecanium or terrapin scale is widely dis- 

 tributed in Maryland, occurring on the peach, maple, plum, and other trees. 

 The insect is described and notes are given on its life history and natural ene- 

 mies. A fungus disease observed on this pest is closely related to if not iden- 

 tical with Cordyccps clavulata. It is believed that this fungus may become of 

 economic importance. 



One application of kerosene emulsion during the growing season can not be 

 relied upon to suppress the peach lecanium, but good results are to be expected 

 from the use of lime-sulphur wash in spraying just before the leaves start. 

 Various proprietary preparations of miscible oils are also fairly effective. 



The San Jose scale, A. F. Conkadi {Houth Carolina Hta. Bui. 13 'i, pp. 20, 

 figs. 12). — A general account is presented of the history, appearance, biology, 

 distribution, food plants, and means of combating San Jose scale. Directions 

 are given for preparing lime-sulphur wash according to the formula 21 lbs. of 

 lime and 18 lbs. of sulphur per 50 gal. of water, to be boiled for 45 to 60 minutes. 

 It is urged that the orcbardist should depend largely upon the application of 

 this wash to his trees in winter. Brief notes are also given on other insecti- 

 cides including whale-oil soaj), kerosene, and crude oil. 



Spraying for San Jose scale, T. B. Symons and G. P. Weldon (Margland 

 8ta. Bui. 123, pp. 13!)-152, figs. 2). — The San .lost'' scale is found in a large ma- 

 jority of the orchards of Maryland, and orchardists are doing more spraying 

 for its control than lias hitherto been the case. Attention is called to the agency 

 of osage orange hedges in distributing the pest. 



Experiments reported in spraying for this insect were conducted on two 

 badly infested orchards, A number of proprietary oil mixtures were used and 

 also lime and sulphur prepared according to the formula 20 lbs. of lime and 15 



